CHM412

1.
The following compound A, is used as an artificial sweetener.

Compound A

(April 2009)

(a) Name all functional groups in A

(b) For each of the carbon X, Y and Z in compound A, determine (i) the type of hybridization (ii) the bond angle

(c) A is optically active. Mark on the structure the chiral centre(s) in A.

2.
(a) Draw structural formula of (i) a haloalkane with one tertiary carbon (ii) a simple alcohol with one secondary carbon (iii) a secondary amine with molecular formula C5H11N
(April 2009)

(b) Draw all possible functional group isomers for C2H6O

(c) Define the following terms. Give one example for each explanation. (i) free radical (ii) electrophile (iii) nucleophile

3.
Consider the following compound.
(Jan 2012)

(a) Identify polar group(s) in molecule A & write down the chemical formula(s)

(b) Redraw the molecule A; the answer the following questions: (i) Label chiral centre(s) using (*) (ii) Label & identify type(s) of hybridization of all carbons in molecule A (iii) Identify 2 bonds in the molecule containing π bonds.

4.
Consider the compound below:

(April 2011)

(a) Circle & name all functional groups in the compound above.

(b) Label chiral centre(s) with (*)

(c) Locate atom(s) that can be considered as partially positive atoms, and are ready for nucleophilic additions

(d) Locate sp2 hybridized carbon atom.

5.
(a) Linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid that has the following structure.

(April 2011)

(i) Draw the possible cis-trans isomers.

(ii) State the number of π bond(s) in linoleic acid.

(b) Give