chem 1045

a substance that conducts an electric current when dissolved in water is called an electrolyte a non-electrolyte is a substance that does not conduct an electric current in aqueous solution
NH4+, NO3-, and group 1A cations are ions that always form soluble ionic compounds a precipitation reaction is a reaction in which two or more water-soluble ionic compounds react in aqueous solution to form one or more insoluble precipitates. a precipitate is a solid that separates from a solution a species that donates a proton - acid a species that accepts a proton - base hydronium ion - formula is H30+ , hydrated proton, H+ commonly used to represent it, formula H+(aq) can be used to represent the ion because its acidic properties are unaffected by the degree of hydration when a strong acid reacts with a strong base, the products are typically an ionic compound, which is called a salt, the neutral molecule water
Spector ions - ions that do not participate in the reaction although they are present net ionic equation - shows the actual chemical change taking place, - shows only the species that have undergone a change in reaction, and any products that form a neutralization reactions occurs between an acid and a base

Ammonia is produced using the Haber process:
3H2 + N2 > 2NH3 15 kg of each
What mass of ammonia could be produced from 15.0 kg each of H2 and N2? Assume the reaction goes to completion
• H = 1.008 g/mol
• N = 14.01 g/mol
= 1.82 x 10^4
• 15 kg H2(1000 g/1 kg)(1 mol H2/2.0)(2 mol/3 mol)(17.04 g /1 mol)
• 15 kg N2 (1/1)(1/28.02)(2/1)(17.04/1)
What is the concentration of an NaOH solution when 25 mL of water is added to 2 g of NaOH?
• (Na = 22.99 g/mol); (O = 16.00 g/mol); (H = 1.01 g/mol)
= 2.0 M

Solution Stoichiometry
What is the molarity of a HClO3 solution if 45.36 mL is needed to completely react with 51.53 mL of a 0.0945 M NaOH solution.
HClO3 + NaOH → H2O + NaClO3
51.53 mL NaOH (1 L (.0945 molNaOH (1 mol HCIO3 ( 1 L (1000 1000 mL) 1 L) 1 mol NaOH) 45.36 mL) 1L)
= 0.107M (M = MOL/L)

Calcium Hydroxide
• 2 M
• 50 ml
Hydrochloric Acid
• ? M
• 50 mL o Ca(OH)2 + HCI > CaCl2 + 2H2O o Balanced Ca(OH)2 + 2HCI > CaCl2 + 2H2O