Preview

Characterization Of Microcephaly: The Flawless Operating System Of Humans

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
2604 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Characterization Of Microcephaly: The Flawless Operating System Of Humans
Almighty Allah, due to His Mercy has given exceptional strength, talent and skill to humans and placed them at the top of Biological hierarchy. Flawless operating system of human was created by the Lord, yet genetic studies revealed that irregularities in genetic code and main control system may lead to death dealing disorders. Millions of unfortunate individuals suffering from different malformations authenticate the fact that nature has already performed extensive arbitrary mutagenesis on human brain, resulting in rich diversity of mutations that distort cortical development in distinct and surprising ways.(Walsh,1999)(70) Establishing the linkage association of genes that cause the genetic chaos, identification of the defective gene and …show more content…
Characterization of Microcephaly can be done by the finding that an individual has skull circumference below the expected mean for age and sex. The measurement is made from the forehead to occipital prominence at back of the head across the brow and should be the largest measurement possible2. Occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) is considered to be the most frequent method for the diagnosis tool for Microcephaly (MCPH). Head circumference ranges from 2SD to 11SD below the mean in MCPH patients with very mild interfamilial difference in degree of microcephaly. (Mehmood et al., 2011) …show more content…
more than 10 % of prophase like cells in lymphocytes,fibroblasts and lymphoblast cell lines and this phenomenon is due to premature condensation in the early G2 phase. This premature entrance of cells into mitosis further indicated that mutated gene is involved in cell cycle regulation. (Neitzel at al.,2002). In some patients a high percentage of prophase like cells was also observed in combination with normal cell cycle continuance. Highly increased frequency of chromosomal breakage has been observed in some cases.(Tommerup et
Continue Reading
View Writing Issues

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    Biology 1101 Homework 3Cells Structures ProcessesOrganelles
    • 528 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Biology 1101 Homework 3Cells Structures ProcessesOrganelles

    Laboratory Results: Patients cells are of an abnormal shape, cellular division is abnormal, and there is impaired intracellular (within the cell) movement of materials.…

    • 528 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Ethics of Screening for Huntington's Disease
    • 704 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Ethics of Screening for Huntington's Disease

    In 1872, George Huntington wrote about a disease that he and his family was suffering from. Symptoms included slurred speech, involuntary or slowed movement, and compulsive emotions and feelings. Today, it is known that this disease is a genetic disease affecting the brain, caused by the mutation of chromosome number 4, in which the codon CAG repeats over 40 times, contrary to the normal 10 to 26 times. Though it is unknown as to why this repetition causes such effect on the brain, scientists have devised methods in which it would be possible for individuals to test for the disease through genetic screening. Though genetic screening could have its side effects, it is currently the best way to take preventive measures for individuals carrying the mutation to not pass on to future generations as well as provide other personal aspects that would benefit the individual the most.…

    • 704 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Unit 4 Key Psychological Perspectives P1
    • 5819 Words
    • 24 Pages

    Unit 4 Key Psychological Perspectives P1

    This is because certain disorders, such as Huntington’s disease or Cystic Fibrosis, are caused by the alleles in a persons’ genetic composition. As they’re caused by genetics, these disorders – and others like them – will occur regardless of the environment in which an individual is placed, and these disorders can have a large impact upon behaviour.…

    • 5819 Words
    • 24 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Creutzfeldt - Jakob Disease
    • 1031 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Creutzfeldt - Jakob Disease

    Plenty of people love the fact that they can enjoy life normal because their brain functions accordingly. Well not every one has the gift of normality. In this harsh world people are dying of all types of diseases and things that are undetectable or even treatable due to the fact that they have unknown origins. Many of the world's diseases such as HIV, AIDS, some cases of Multiple Sclerosis and Muscular Dystrophies. Among these fatal and life threatening ailments Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, other wise known as (CJD), takes precedence.…

    • 1031 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Francis Fukuyama Genetic Engineering
    • 387 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Francis Fukuyama Genetic Engineering

    One main obstacle is the complexity of the relationship between DNA and human traits. Will we ever know which genes influence intelligence and master how to manipulate them? However, as computer technology and understanding of genetic increases, it may only be a matter of time before a number of human gene-trait relations are defined clearly.…

    • 387 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Ghost in Your Genes
    • 703 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Ghost in Your Genes

    Genetic inheritance was thought to have involve the transmission of DNA from one generation to the next affected by occasional mutations in the DNA itself. They found out that the human genome was less complex and had less genes then even less complex organisms such as plants. The human genome, only containing about 30,000 genes, now lead scientists to believe that other factors allow genes to be switched on and off in response to the environment. Professor Pembrey was drawn to two genetic diseases due to families exhibiting unconventional genetic inheritance patterns. The two diseases were Angelman syndrome, which displays clinical symptoms of jerky movements, little or no speech and a very happy personality, and Prader-Willi syndrome, in which patients are found to be very floppy in infancy and develop an insatiable appetite associated with obesity in later life. He found out that these two diseases were caused by the same genetic alteration. There was a small deletion on chromosome 15. The parent from whom the mutation was inherited determined which disease the patient would get. If it was inherited from the mother the child would have Angelman syndrome and if it was inherited from the father the child would have Prader-Willi syndrome. This suggested that the chromosome knew its origin and must had been tagged or imprinted in some way. This was known as genomic imprinting. During sperm and egg production(meiosis), a chemical change results in the same DNA sequence on each chromosome having different functional properties. These events can lead to a particular gene being turned on or off. This is what epigenetics is based of. Professor Reik noticed that when a mouse embryo was placed in a culture dish some of genes would be switched off and wondered whether this could also be true for human embryos during in vitro fertilization or IVF. Using the disease, Beckwith-Wiedeman syndrome, Reik discovered that Beckwith-Wiedeman syndrome occurs…

    • 703 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Alison's Story Schizophrenia
    • 1227 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Alison's Story Schizophrenia

    Through testings, it has been found that people with schizophrenia have a high number of gene mutations (“Schizophrenia,” National Institute of Mental Health). Each of these mutations is caused by deletions or duplications of genes. According to researchers, “Microdeletions and microduplications have been found to be three times more common in individuals with schizophrenia, compared to controls” (“Schizophrenia,” National Center for Biotechnology Information). The majority of the gene mutations occur in over expressed pathways that are involved in the development of the brain. The inheritance of these genes may be one factor that leads to the development of schizophrenia. There was a study conducted that compared the genomes of people with schizophrenia to people without it. From this study it was found that one hundred and eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms are related to schizophrenia (“Schizophrenia,” National Center for Biotechnology…

    • 1227 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Monstrosity In Frankenstein
    • 1710 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Monstrosity In Frankenstein

    With the development of genetic modification scientists have created a chicken that has a dinosaur leg in a reverse evolution experiment, a goat that produces spider silk, featherless chicken, glow in the dark cats, sheep and monkeys and recently in February 2016 British scientists were granted permission to genetically modify human embryos. Just as Etienne Geoffroy St. Hilaire and his son Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire created malformations in chicken embryos, scientists in the 21st century are creating malformations in animals in the name of science – for “the good” of human beings. Wherever a person situates themselves in time, whether it is in the 18th century or 21st century, people need to understand that there will always be consequences for what we choose to do with the knowledge we gain. Knowledge can create and knowledge can destroy- both in the physical realm and in the moral realm. Morally speaking, knowledge can change how individuals (and collectively human beings) view themselves in the world and how individuals view other animals and material things in the…

    • 1710 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Hydrocephalus Research Paper
    • 630 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Hydrocephalus Research Paper

    Hydrocephalus also known as “water on the brain” is a condition in which there is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain. This excessive amount of fluid is called the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which acts a protective barrier for the brain, amongst other things. The excess cerebrospinal fluid widens the ventricle cavities exerting pressure on the brain. This pressure can cause damage to the brain tissues and impair some functions of the brain. Hydrocephalus can affect a wide range of people from infancy to late adulthood. It is estimated that one to two of every thousand children born will have hydrocephalus.…

    • 630 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    genetics notes
    • 398 Words
    • 2 Pages

    genetics notes

    Although human genetics has been intensively studied, humans should not be considered a model genetic…

    • 398 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    The nature/nurture debate in biological psychology
    • 955 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The nature/nurture debate in biological psychology

    Our genome or DNA is organized into genes, which pass on genetic information from one generation to the next, activation of a particular gene results in the synthesis of a particular functional protein. The construction of protein is crucial as it influences the effects of itself on cells and ultimately the organs to which they target (as cited in Watson, 2006). The research conducted surrounding schizophrenia, has suggested this may be influenced by an element of defects within schizophrenia-risk genes and experiences of stressful events in early brain development. These in conjunction may cause abnormalities in the developmental trajectory (as cited in The Open University 2, 2006)…

    • 955 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    Autism And Deliruim: A Case Study
    • 1314 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Autism And Deliruim: A Case Study

    People’s lives are changed as disorders invade their families and take control. People become the victim to the disorders barreled with weighing medical contradictions, ridden with medical bills and left only with the explanation that there is no discrimination and that disorders choose its victims are only by chance. Disorders are often biologically genetic and leave little chance for their targets. A common neurodevelopmental disorder in society is Autism, which is a genetically endured disorder derived by three chomosomes on the 21 string of the DNA transformation. An additional disorder that has surprisingly plagued our society is a neurocognitive disorder Delirium, a disorder that is like the enemy hiding in the grass awaiting attack on its target it creeps up quick and rapidly. In this paper each disorder, Autism and Deliruim, will be explained by their behavioral criteria, the incidence rates and causes for each disorder, and options for treatment for each…

    • 1314 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Neurodevelopmental Disorder Research Paper
    • 1033 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Neurodevelopmental Disorder Research Paper

    The hereditary bases of certain neurodevelopmental disorders have been known for many years. Specific genes have been reported to be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, but studies on the functional relevance remain ongoing. BCPs are involved in embryonic development and neural malformation. Possibly the most convincing proof the value of BCPs and their complexes is really as uses: even if the DNA sequences of most genes that immediately control stressed system development and function are normal, irregular changes by mutant or dysfunctional BCPs would cause neurodevelopmental disorders.…

    • 1033 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    A Tour of the Brain
    • 718 Words
    • 3 Pages

    A Tour of the Brain

    References: Terfera, D., & Jegtvig, S. (n.d.). The anatomy of the human brain. Retrieved April 26, 2013, from http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/the-anatomy-of-the-human-brain.html…

    • 718 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Psychosomatic Medicine
    • 1336 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Psychosomatic Medicine

    It is not so simple to diagnose what dysfunction in the brain might have caused certain defects on the body. Such factors are usually uncovered step by step very slowly. Nowadays there are already proven connections that fit…

    • 1336 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More

Related Topics