On September 6, 1941, the Japanese government decided to go to war with America. (Japan had been preparing for the possibility of war for several years.) Though the final decision to actually go to war was deferred, pending a possible diplomatic breakthrough, the machinery for war, especially in the Imperial Japanese Navy, was put in motion. In April 1942 Japan wanted to expand their defensive lines so they went east towards the island of Midway (1000 miles from Hawaii), they sent most of the imperial fleet to battle. That fleet was composed of four aircraft carriers, two battleships, thirteen cruisers, assorted submarines, transports and mine sweepers. "The Battle of Midway, 1942" EyeWitness to History, www.eyewitnesstohistory.com (2001). After that, an event known as the “Allied Code-Breaking” took place , Admiral Nimitz of the allied forces had his cryptanalysts had broken the JN-25 code. The US had been decoding messages since spring 1942 and they discovered that Japan’s objective was Midway. The American base at Midway started to send false messages saying that its water distillation plant had been damaged and that the base needed fresh water. The Japanese saw this and soon started to send messages stating that "AF was short on water”. AF was the name of the objective the Japanese had which was Midway. Commander Joseph J. Rochefort and his team at Station Hypo were able to determine that the attack was going to be on either the 4th or the 5th of June. As a result the Americans were able to enter the battle knowing when and where the Japanese were going to be and also with what force they were going to attack. The Japanese Naval Marshal General Isoroku Yamamoto considered that going to war with the United States was a “suicidal mission” and that he did not think that Japan could win such war.…
Three days following the assault, theUnited States declared war on Japan which was followed by Japan’s alliesGermany and Italy declaring war on the United States as well. As soon as theUnited States had entered the war, the tides had turned against Nazi Germanyand Japan. The war between these nations remained strong until December of 1943when Roosevelt and Churchill appointed General Eisenhower to command aninvasion on Germany. The plan which became known as Operation Overlord,involved more than 1.6 million American soldiers as well as British, Canadians,Poles, and Free French. The plan was to set a phony “army” that was poised toattack the Pasde-Calais, which was exactly where Hitler had expected the Alliesto strike. The real invasion however was more than two hundred miles away, onthe beaches of Normandy. Even before the attack, there were positive feelingsthat the Americans would win. The Allies possessed overwhelming air and seasuperiority, a large number of fresh troops, and the element of surprise. Theywere able to read German secret enigma codes, which provided the Allies withcrucial intelligence that helped to form the basis for the attack. On June 6th1944, the famous day known as D-Day, the Allied forces attacked Omaha Beach.Fighting on this beach was very gruesome. Hundreds of men frowned in theferocious Channel water; and…
For America, it could be used as an emergency landing site for damaged bombers. For Japan, it could be used as an airbase for zeroes to intercept American bombing raids heading for Japan (iwojima.com). The battle for Iwo Jima may be the biggest battle in World War 2. America’s strategy for Iwo Jima was more brute force than tactical. American bombers bombed the volcanic island for 74 days.…
Operation Overload, as it was technically called, is the largest amphibious operation in history. It started on June 6th, 1944 in Normandy, France. Even with the extensive planning, General Norman Cota, a strong operational leader, warned his troops to expect the unexpected. There were minimal German forces defending the area, concluding that Operation Bodyguard had worked. 14,674 sorties(one round trip to target and back by plane) were flown in a mere 8 hours. During the invasion, Dwight D. Eisenhower, A five star general and later, the 34th president of the United States, talked in a broadcast to the people of German-occupied Europe promising their liberation. Strategy on D-Day was critically important to this massive invasion. For example, two bridges, called the Pegasus and Horsa bridges were key for German reinforcements to reach Normandy. The night before the attack, two gliders landed near these bridges, carrying a couple Allied soldiers. The soldiers easily defeated the German guards and captured the bridges. This prevented reinforcements from meeting the landing troops. Allied troops were dropped out of planes to capture the Merville battery. The anti-aircraft guns on the battery scared the pilots and the paratroopers were dropped too early and critical supplies like mortars, radios, and mine detectors were lost or too damaged to use. Even with these problems, the Allied troops ousted out the…
America labeled Iwo Jima as a strategic island because of its place in the Pacific Ocean. Here the American military would attack Japan’s mainland without having to worry about losing more planes and men. After 30 days of fighting and bombing America gained control over Iwo Jima. Iwo Jima was the biggest battle in the Pacific and America suffered casualties that were more than Japan. Along with the many deaths on Iwo Jima by American taking control over the island they saved 2,400 B-24’s from landing at sea in emergency…
The first option would allow President Truman to end the war peacefully, and it would have also allowed the Japanese to withdraw from the war without shame to their leader and save the thousands of Japanese individuals by not making the United States have to make the choice of dropping the atomic bombs. This option would have let Truman show that “We as Americans have not sunk to the level of our enemies” “We should end the war now in a manner that reflects the value we place on the sanctity of human life and the dignity of the individual”. The author gives Truman a second option and this option approaches the war in the Pacific with a demonstration of the atomic bomb in efforts to force the Japanese to surrender without condition. This includes the uprising of the Manhattan Project which gave the United States the “weapon of almost inconceivable power” with the scare tactics of the demonstration this gives the Japanese leaders an idea of what would…
During World War II, the Japanese and Americans were at war. Japan had an advantage over American military troops with a greater number of troops being put out into the war. On the other hand, American troops and military bases had a technological advantage, which ultimately helped the Americans succeed during the war. President Truman made one of the most difficult decisions in American history. Truman’s decision would kill many Japanese soldiers but would save many of the Americans. An atomic bomb would be the last resort, which would wipe out countless miles of land, military bases, and anyone who was close by. As Truman had to think about the pros and cons of this decision, it was ultimately Truman’s say so in whether to proceed and…
The two sources selected for evaluation, Code-Name Downfall: The Secret Plan to Invade Japan-And Why Truman Dropped the Bomb by Thomas B. Allen and Norman Polmar and Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire by Richard B. Frank are evaluated for their origins, purposes, limitations, and values.…
At 7:48am, on the 7th of December, 1941, 353 Imperial Japanese aircraft attacked the American base located on the south side of Hawaii. The unexpected attack on America, lasting for two hours, resulted in all eight U.S. Navy battleships damaged, with four sunk. More than 2,000 American soldiers and civilians were killed, with more than 1,000 others injured. The attack was intended to keep the U.S. Navy from interfering with their actions of war, planned in south-east Asia, against the U.K, Netherlands and the U.S. Before the attack, World War 2 was mainly a European conflict. This attack had a significant influence on…
The attack on Pearl Harbor was an effort by the Japanese government to deal a decisive blow to the U.S in order that the Japanese could invade the Southern Pacific Islands and Australia, to capture and have access to the materials they needed to continue to power their war efforts, because with our fleet destroyed in that region, it would have cleared the way for them to get what they…
31) After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the feelings of animosity in America against Japan increased. By late 1945, the Allied leaders met in Germany with news of a secret new weapon, called the atomic bomb, created by American scientists, that was powerful enough to destroy an entire city. However, there were some feelings that the bomb was too powerful, and the leaders chose instead to send the Potsdam Declaration to Japan warning them to surrender. The Japanese military did not know about the atomic bomb and ignored the warning, so on August 6th 1945, an American bomber called the Enola Gay was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. This blast killed an approximated 70,000 people and destroyed more than eighty percent of the city, but the Japanese still did not surrender. The US dropped a second atomic bomb, and after a furious debate in the Japanese cabinet, the emperor of Japan announced a surrender. This day on the 14th of August became known as V-J Day, for Victory over Japan.…
Although the Americans had been "winning" before the bombing of Japan, the war was still raging and the Japanese were fully engaged in desperate attacks, including suicide missions, against American personnel. Despite military losses and firebombing of Tokyo and other cities, Japanese leaders were intent on continuing the war and exhorting their soldiers and civilians to fight to death. American soldiers, engaged in horrific…
The successful Allied victories in Normandy during World War II forced the rival Germans to retreat to the Netherlands. These events enabled the Allied Forces to attempt the largest airborne operation in history Operation Market Garden in an attempt to make a final push to permanently defeat the Germans and end World War II. Unfortunately, this plan was destined to fail from the beginning. Overzealous leadership planning, limited logistical support, bad weather, and poor intelligence all being contributing factors to the failure…
The Battle of Iwo Jima (19 February – 26 March 1945) was a pivotal conflict during World War II characterized by some of the fiercest fighting in the Pacific Campaign. For Japan, Iwo Jima served as their last line of defense protecting their homeland from the Allied advancements. Japan knew the strategic significance of the island for both Allied and Axis powers and was equally certain that the U. S. would seek to secure it. Resolved that America would pay a huge price for every inch of ground gained, The Battle of Iwo Jima become the bloodiest battle of World War II and remains the most costly of battles in Marine Corps history. Three Marine Divisions conducted an amphibious landing and assault to destroy one heavily defended Japanese Division on the 7.5 square mile island of Iwo Jima. The 36-day assault claimed 6,766 U.S. lives and nearly 20,000 wounded. For the Japanese, the loss was even more staggering with only 1,083 survivors of the original 21,060 defenders. General Tadamichi Kuribayashi, the commander for Japanese forces, “proved to be Japan’s greatest wartime general and…the most redoubtable adversary” for the United States. Kuribayashi displayed brilliant leadership and tactical application of strategic objectives, as he skillfully employed the art and science of mission command in his epic defense of Iwo Jima.…
World War II brought many technological advances to the world, including tanks, submarines, the atomic bomb, and improved aircraft. The increase in workforce and ability to construct vehicles and weapons quickly brought on creative techniques of warfare, often based on each nation’s ethic, particularly the kamikaze suicide attacks which spawned from the Japanese thought of no-surrender and a policy of fighting to the “bitter end”( Dower 103). Overall, because the campaign was made in a last resort attempt to turn the war around( Jacobsen 285), the United States military was caught off guard and was flooded with fear and feelings of anxiety. Unheard of by western soldiers, the idea of not being afraid of death only matched up with…