Preview

Carbon 14 Dating

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
3969 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Carbon 14 Dating
Carbon-14 Dating: An Invaluable Yardstick in the Chronology of Humans

Archaeologists utilize several methods to analyze data from the past. One scientific tool helps to analyze the radioactive decay of chemical elements found in plant and animal remains, pottery, and even rocks. Radiocarbon dating, also known as carbon-14 dating, has developed into one of the most important radioisotope dating methods archaeologists employ. This scientific tool, first developed by Willard F. Libby in the late 1940s, began with the discovery of the isotopic carbon-14 atom. Following this discovery, scientists began to ponder ways to utilize carbon-14 to date previously living organisms. Since scientists knew that living organisms absorb carbon-14 at a constant rate while alive, they started to formulate a process to measure C-14 to C-12 ratios in dead organisms. This procedure made it possible for scientists to age an organism using this carbon ratio. To ensure the formula was correct, they began to perform experimental trials of radiocarbon dating to test its accuracy, and while testing, discovered several methods of carbon 14 dating that yielded accurate results including the Geiger counting method, liquid scintillation method, and AMS dating method. These three methods have significantly improved the accuracy of assigning dates to past events and artifacts, dating as far back as 70,000 years. Using and describing the techniques, procedures, and applications, the anthropological school of thought for carbon-14 dating will be derived. Although this method has drawbacks and critics, carbon-14 dating has shaped and influenced the historical classification artifacts to the point that archaeologists, geologists, and anthropologists now have the ability to construct the world’s history by filling in some of the many blank dates in the chronology of the history of our human world and by substantiating and revising other dates.
The foundation of radiocarbon dating began with



Bibliography: "Dating." Encyclopedia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 09 Sept. 2009 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/152243/dating/69778/Carbon-14-dating-and-other-cosmogenic-methods>. DeYoung, Don. Thousands, Not Billions: Challenging an Icon of Evolution: Questioning the Age of Earth. Green Forest: New Leaf, 2005. 13-62. Hedman, Matthew. The Age of Everything: How Science Explores the Past. Chicago: University of Chicago P, 2007. 49-95. Higham, Thomas. "The 14C Method." Radiocarbon WEB-info. 9 Aug. 2002. 26 Sept. 2009 <http://www.c14dating.com/int.html>. L 'Annunziata, Michael. Willard F. Libby. Radioactivity Introduction and History. Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V., 2007. 518-28. Poole, Lynn, and Gary Poole. Carbon-14. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1961. Urban, Patricia, and Schortman, Edward. Archaeological Theory In Practice. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press, Inc., 2012. 67-76. Wheatley, Abigail, and Struan Reid. Radioactive Dating. The Usborne Introduction to Archaeology. London: Usborne Ltd., 2004. 98-99. Willard, Libby F. Radiocarbon Dating. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1952. 69-111.

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Mg2 Unit 9 Study Guide

    • 1084 Words
    • 5 Pages

    2. Given that the half life of the radioisotope carbon -14 is 5730 years, it would not be useful in dating bones that are over a million years old. After 40 000 years of age less than 1% of the 14C is left in the bone and thus it is not useful for determining the exact age beyond that.…

    • 1084 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Potassium-Argon dating is a form of radiometric dating which tells us the absolute age of rocks. Practically all elements are radioactive to some extent, some more than others. Moreover, different isotopes of elements are more radioactive than others. Isotopes are forms of a particular atom that varies in the number of neutrons in the nucleus. For instance, K-40 is a naturally occurring isotope of Potassium is far more radioactive than its siblings K-39 and K-41 because K-40 is much less stable.…

    • 921 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The field of landscape archaeology can be challenging in the way that it conducts itself. Most of the time the sites are obstructed by vegetation or they may be hidden in a farmer’s plowed field. However the surveying of these places do to their size and proximity to any adjacent constraints can often lead to poor performance of the archaeological standards. The sizes of these sites can sometimes be as large as settlements covering acres of land. However archaeologists have now been using a surveying method that employs the use of multi-instrument geophysical scanning. Using this the archaeologist can help maintain budget and time constraints that may have been restricting progress.…

    • 1953 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Rixford Geometry Analysis

    • 623 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Studying artifacts is like looking through a keyhole into the past. Although artifacts themselves cannot speak, a lot can be learned from studying primary documents and artifacts. For thousands of years, historians have been using primary documents and artifacts to make inferences about the people, places, and events that surrounded the time period. In our study of the Rixford Cemetry, we were able to use primary documents and artifacts to make analyses about the surrounding area.…

    • 623 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    laboratory investigations of rock and ash samples, they also used radiocarbon (carbon-l4) dating of plant remains buried in and beneath the ash layers and other volcanic debris has allowed them to reconstruct a complete record of the prehistoric eruptive behavior of Mount St. Helens.…

    • 2731 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Rocks: The Dating Game

    • 361 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Rocks: The Dating Game ch By:Rebecca Cze 3-23-12 Rules to the Game Rule of Superposition States that the rocks on the bottom are the oldest and the rocks on the top are the youngest. Rule of Crossing-Cutting Relationships States that if a rock that cuts through the rock layers is younger than the rock layers itself Rule of Lateral Continuity States that everything on the same layer are the same age Rule of Original Horzitonality States that the orginal layer was horizontal, but over the years became wavy s t n a p i c i t r The Pa ● Radiometric Dating: It has isotopes and those isotopes decay, so they date them.…

    • 361 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Radiometric dating is the process of estimating the age of rocks from the decay of radioactive elements inside the rock specimen. This process utilizes radioactive isotopes to date igneous rocks. These radioactive isotopes have a distinctive number of atoms that present themselves unstable.…

    • 488 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    With new studies that study the cooling of the earth, rate of volcanic ejecta, and growth of human population, one could assume that humans had a vast comprehension of Earth’s age, but this is not the case. Radiometric dating, when an element spontaneously changes into another element, is based upon the ability to determine the amount of product present in a sample. However, factors influence the radiometric age, thus making it difficult for a researcher to determine whether the system under study has remained closed. Only when several different radiometric isotope systems give the same date, then can it be a reliable…

    • 1217 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Otto Hahn Accomplishments

    • 1556 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Otto Hahn was a German chemist who revolutionized the field of nuclear chemistry. Following a lifelong interest in chemistry, he found himself on the forefront of radiochemistry research in the early 20th century. Through a series of chance discoveries, he and his fellow researchers brought radiochemistry out of the realm of theoretical research and into actual practical science. One of the practical uses of this research led to the development of nuclear weapons. While Otto Hahn’s lifetime of education and research led to great contributions to chemistry, it also led to his dedication to using his powerful voice for social causes, especially to limit the threat of nuclear weapons.…

    • 1556 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    archeological findings that support the events that take place all the way back in the Old…

    • 477 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    In the video entitled, “Earth is 6,000 Years Old”, Chemist John Pendleton describes different viewpoints from a creation and evolutionary standpoint when it comes to how old the earth really is and the supportive material behind their conclusions. These points are based off the bible in regards to Genesis and the creation of the earth, scientific points of view in regards to carbon dating, sedimentary dating, and evolution of mammals and mankind in this progression. The techniques also used in determining this data are described as well as the numerical data and some steps used in this configuration. The first pro that is seen is that according to Pendleton is from a biblical perspective dating began with the creation of earth in Genesis 1…

    • 732 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Carbon 14 dating essay

    • 3373 Words
    • 14 Pages

    L 'Annunziata, Michael. Willard F. Libby. Radioactivity Introduction and History. Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V., 2007. 518-28.…

    • 3373 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    “Radiometric age-dating is based on the fact that every radioactive element decays. The original or “parent” element emits radiation and particles until the loss thereof transforms it into a stable “daughter” element. A series of transformations into other radio-active elements marks its unparalleled pattern and rate of decay until it reaches stability (Think Quest).” “The decay of radioactive elements occurs at different rates, depending on the specific isotope. These rates are stated in terms of half-lives. One half-life is the amount of time required for ½ of the original atoms in a sample to decay (O'Neil).” Radiometric methods provide one of the most important ways to date fossils. The main types of radiometric dating are Potassium-argon, carbon-14 or radiocarbon, thermoluminescence, and electron-spin-resonance. Potassium-argon dating is used for dating volcanic rocks associated with fossil material. It can date better for older specimens but when used for younger specimens it can give a wrong date. You have to be careful and use the right method for the selected…

    • 473 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Relative Dating

    • 696 Words
    • 3 Pages

    For this lab, I decided to focus on relative dating in studying things of the past. I found this the most interesting form to examine. Relative dating doesn’t give one an exact date but can give a good time frame of an artifact. It is used by looking at sequences and layers with regards to the soil for excavating. This is known as stratigraphy (Bahn,122). It was inspired by geology in looking at layers of soil (Dating Archeology, 2016). As an archeologist using this method, one would say, “the underlying layer was deposited first and therefore, earlier then overlying layer”(Bahn, 122). In simple terms, the digger one deeps, the older it’s going to be for an artifact. This is the viewpoint of using relative dating. Once an artifact is found in a layer, the archeologist compares it to other artifacts.…

    • 696 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Lycurgus Cup

    • 6151 Words
    • 25 Pages

    Cardiff School of History and Archaeology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3EU, Wales UK 2 Department of Conservation, Documentation and Science, The British Museum, London WC1B 3DG, UK…

    • 6151 Words
    • 25 Pages
    Good Essays

Related Topics