Caffeine Lab Report
Executive Summary
Caffeine is a stimulant for the central nervous system which will relax the muscle and increase the gastric acid and heart rate (Kelly, 2017). The analyzing of caffeine and caffeine metabolites in saliva is to quantitatively measure the ratio of concentrations of caffeine and metabolites. There are three different metabolites of caffeine and the majority of caffeine metabolite is paraxanthine. The ratio of concentration represents the activity of the first metabolism enzyme of caffeine, CYP1A2 because it is responsible for the pathway of metabolism of caffeine. And the half-life of caffeine is about 4 to 5 hours (Thorn, 2011) Therefore, in this lab, we measure the saliva collected at different time and quantitatively analyzing …show more content…
The majority of metabolite is paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine) which is produced in liver and catalyzed by the CYP1A2 enzyme. This metabolite pathway occupied 70%-80% of metabolism of caffeine. The other two pathways are transferred to theobromine (7%-8%) and theophylline (7%-8%). There are only less than 3% caffeine which will be excreted in to urine without metabolism. The 95% of the reaction need the CYP1A2 enzyme to carry on. Therefore, the measurement of metabolite is to analyze the activity of CYP1A2 enzyme. (Thorn, 2011)
Sources of variability in caffeine metabolism
There are several sources can affect the metabolism of caffeine. First of all, the history of smoking will affect the speed of metabolism. Both nicotine and caffeine are stimulants of CNS therefore the smoker will resolve the caffeine quicker than non-smokers. The other one maybe pregnancy. During the pregnancy, the CYP1A2 enzyme will produced slowly and the metabolism will undergo with the participate of CYP1A2, therefore during pregnancy, it will take longer time to break down the caffeine. Moreover, the metabolism take place in the liver and reuptake in the kidney, so if the people have liver or kidney diseases will also affect the rate of
Caffeine is a stimulant for the central nervous system which will relax the muscle and increase the gastric acid and heart rate (Kelly, 2017). The analyzing of caffeine and caffeine metabolites in saliva is to quantitatively measure the ratio of concentrations of caffeine and metabolites. There are three different metabolites of caffeine and the majority of caffeine metabolite is paraxanthine. The ratio of concentration represents the activity of the first metabolism enzyme of caffeine, CYP1A2 because it is responsible for the pathway of metabolism of caffeine. And the half-life of caffeine is about 4 to 5 hours (Thorn, 2011) Therefore, in this lab, we measure the saliva collected at different time and quantitatively analyzing …show more content…
The majority of metabolite is paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine) which is produced in liver and catalyzed by the CYP1A2 enzyme. This metabolite pathway occupied 70%-80% of metabolism of caffeine. The other two pathways are transferred to theobromine (7%-8%) and theophylline (7%-8%). There are only less than 3% caffeine which will be excreted in to urine without metabolism. The 95% of the reaction need the CYP1A2 enzyme to carry on. Therefore, the measurement of metabolite is to analyze the activity of CYP1A2 enzyme. (Thorn, 2011)
Sources of variability in caffeine metabolism
There are several sources can affect the metabolism of caffeine. First of all, the history of smoking will affect the speed of metabolism. Both nicotine and caffeine are stimulants of CNS therefore the smoker will resolve the caffeine quicker than non-smokers. The other one maybe pregnancy. During the pregnancy, the CYP1A2 enzyme will produced slowly and the metabolism will undergo with the participate of CYP1A2, therefore during pregnancy, it will take longer time to break down the caffeine. Moreover, the metabolism take place in the liver and reuptake in the kidney, so if the people have liver or kidney diseases will also affect the rate of