Behaviorism: An Analysis Of Psychodynamic Approach

Behaviorism is the theory or doctrine that human or animal psychology can be accurately studied only through the examination and analysis of objectively observable and quantifiable behavioral events, in contrast with subjective mental states. Behaviorism is word wide that assumes a learner is essentialy passive, responding to environment stimuli. The learner starts at a clean state and behavior is shaped through positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. Both positive and negative reinforcement increase the probability that the antecedent behavior will happen again. In contrast positive and negative punishment decrease the likelihood that the antecedent behavior will happen again. Positive indicates
Everything from speech to emotional responses were simply patterns of stimulus and response.
Watson denied completely the existence of the mind or consciousness.
Watson believed that all individual differences in behavior were due to different experiences of learning. He famously said:
"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select - doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations and the race of his ancestors” (Watson, 1924,
p. 104).
Classical conditioning theory involves learning a new behavior via the process of association. In simple terms two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal. There are three stages of classical conditioning. At each stage the stimuli and responses are given special scientific terms:
Before conditioning
In this stage, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) produces an unconditioned response (UCR) in
This stage also involves another stimulus which has no effect on a person and is called the neutral stimulus
(NS). The NS could be a person, object, place, etc. The neutral stimulus in classical conditioning does not produce a response until it is paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
After conditioning
Now the conditioned stimulus (CS) has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to create a new conditioned response (CR).
Example if the students are not looking at the board teachers can hit the board with the marker and say them to look at the board. Next time the sound of hitting on the board with the marker makes them look at the board. The teacher does not have to say them to look at the board. So sound of the marker becomes conditioned. Operant conditioning is the second learning theory of behaviorism.
Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior.
Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. Operant conditioning was coined by behavior B.F Skinner, which is why you may