Bee Colony Optimization in LRT/MRT Routing System

BEE COLONY OPTIMIZATION (BCO) IN
LRT/MRT ROUTING SYSTEM

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1

Introduction

1

1.2

Research Background

1

1.3

Problem Statement

3

1.4

Research Aim

4

1.5

Research Objectives

5

1.6

Scope of Research

5

1.7

Significance of Research

6

1.8

Research Methodology

6

1.8.1

6

1.8.2

Interview Survey

7

1.8.3

Model of Development

7

1.8.4
1.9

Literature Review

Pilot Test or Validation Test

7

Chapters Outline

8

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1

Introduction

10

2.2

Tourism and Transport

11

2.3

Traveling Salesman Problem

13

2.4

Swarm Intelligence

14

2.5

Bee Colony Optimization (BCO)

17

2.6

Behaviors of Bees in Nature

23

2.7

Applications of BCO

26

REFERENCES

34

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1

Introduction

This chapter discussed about the research background, problem statement and objectives of the research. A clearly defined scope of work for the research will be stated to ensure that the aim and purpose of the research are well understood by the reader. Also in this chapter, the research methodology, significance of the research and chapter outline will be explained briefly.

1.2

Research Background

Mobility is an essential aspect for tourists visiting large cities. So it is very important to have an effective and efficient mean of transport in order to ease the tourist movement in, around and out of the cities. Kaul (1985) is among the first person to recognize the importance of transport infrastructure as an essential component of successful development and a key factor in developing tourism attractiveness and activities (Khadaroo & Seetanah, 2008). The tourism industry played an important role and contributes a lot to the nation income as well as enriching one country economic performance.

1

The booming tourism

References: Teodorović, D., & Dell‟Orco, M. (2005, September). Bee colony optimization–a cooperative learning approach to complex transportation problems Transportation: Proceedings of 16th Mini–EURO Conference and 10th Meeting of EWGT (13-16 September 2005).–Poznan: Publishing House of the Polish Operational and System Karaboga, D., & Basturk, B. (2007). A powerful and efficient algorithm for numerical function optimization: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm Teodorovic, D., Lucic, P., Markovic, G., & Orco, M. D. (2006, September). Bee colony optimization: principles and applications Engineering, 2006. NEUREL 2006. 8th Seminar on(pp. 151-156). IEEE. Wong, L. P., Low, M. Y. H., & Chong, C. S. (2008, May). A bee colony optimization algorithm for traveling salesman problem Karaboga, D., & Akay, B. (2009). A comparative study of artificial bee colony algorithm. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 214(1), 108-132. Karaboga, D., & Basturk, B. (2007). Artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization algorithm for solving constrained optimization problems TSai, P. W., Pan, J. S., Liao, B. Y., & Chu, S. C. (2009). Enhanced artificial bee colony optimization Marković, G. Z., Teodorović, D. B., & Aćimović-Raspopović, V. S. (2007). Routing and wavelength assignment in all-optical networks based on the bee colony optimization Teodorović, D. (2009). Bee colony optimization (BCO). In Innovations in swarm intelligence (pp. traveling salesman problem. International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools, 19(03), 305334. Teodorović, D., & Dell‟Orco, M. (2008). Mitigating traffic congestion: solving the ride-matching problem by bee colony optimization Bonabeau, E., Dorigo, M., & Theraulaz, G. (1999). Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems (Vol Kennedy, J. F., Kennedy, J., & Eberhart, R. C. (2001). Swarm intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann. Eberhart, R. C., Shi, Y., & Kennedy, J. (2001). Swarm intelligence. Access Online via Elsevier. The Star/Asia News Network (2012). Tourism Industry to Help Push Malaysia Forward. Kaul, R. N. (1985). Dynamics of tourism: A trilogy, Vol. 111. New Delhi: Transportation and Marketing. McElroy, J. L. (2003). Small island tourist economies across the lifecycle. Paper prepared for the international conference, Beyond MIRAB: The political economy of small islands in the 21st Prideaux, B. (2000). The role of the transport system in destination development. Tourism Management, 21, 53–63. Hall, D. R. (1999). Conceptualising tourism transport: inequality and externality issues. Journal of Transport Geography, 7(3), 181–188. Page, S. J. (2005). Tourism and transport: Global perspectives (2nd ed.). Harlow: Pearson/Prentice Hall.