Australian Migration Policy

A. Migration Policy Overview
It is pretty sure that Australia has a rich migration history (Migration Heritage Centre, 2012). In 1788, when European settlement began, Australian aboriginal population was about 40 thousand. Today, over 24 million people live in Australia. Attitudes to migration, however, have changed considerably. The first immigration law enacted by the federal government was the Immigration Restriction Act of 1901. This act, a symbol of infamous 'White Australia', was designed to regulate the entry of non-Europeans, including residents of Asia and the neighbouring Pacific islands. The most notorious and viscous practice was 'dictation test', which made it almost impossible for non-Europeans to pass the test. Immigration officials
To this end, the Points system such as the structured Selection System or the Numerical Multifactor Assessment System were introduced and the Australian government began to control the quota of new permanent residents such as family unification migrants, skilled migrants and humanitarian migrants (Jackson, 2013). A noteworthy change since the mid of 1990s was the expansion of the temporary migrant workers recruiting system, where the Australian government could pick migrants who can immediately respond to employers' needs. Instead, working holiday program or seasonal worker program could be used in a backhanded way to meet the Australian labour market demand of low skilled workers (Korea Labour Institute, 2015). In 2007, The Australian Citizenship Act was enacted to make citizenship acquisition more difficult than before. For instance, it required extended the minimum residence from two years to four years and introduced newly the Australian Citizenship Test.
These Australian migration policy changes can also be observed in the changes of immigration department's title. To begin with, the Department of Immigration had been in charge of immigration policy from 1954 to 1975. And then the title was succeeded by the Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1975-1996), the Department
Language Program for the social integration
The Australian government has developed policies for promoting the social integration of newcomers in the basis of that migrants from various racial, linguistic, and cultural backgrounds play an important role in shaping the country. From 2007, the Social Inclusion Unit has been established to improve the social integration of various vulnerable groups. Migrants, especially those from non-English speaking countries, have been the main targets of social integration programs.
Among these programs, the Adult Migrant English Program (AMEP) is the most popular migrant support program which has implemented since 1948. AMEP is eligible mainly for family unification migrants, spouses of skilled migrants, and humanitarian migrants. The program consists of 3 levels of CSWE (Certificates in Spoken and Written English) for beginner, intermediate, and advanced course of 510 hours. As learning places, schools, community centres, churches and mosques are available at various levels, and even opportunities for distance learning and visiting education are provided. In distance learning, it provides step-by-step textbooks, audiovisual materials, and regular telephone conversations with qualified instructors. When it comes to the Home Tutoring, one-to-one lecturer visits the learner's home. Moreover, in order to encourage the access of adult immigrants who have children, parents are provided with childcare services during their classes. AMEP is not