Preview

Assignment: Associated Theories Paper

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1328 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Assignment: Associated Theories Paper
PSY/240 | Week 8 Assignment: Associated Theories | Brief synopsis of associated theories and drug remedies | | \

|

In the beginning, before proper study and research, psychiatric disorders were commonly thought of as problems of the mind, or of a religious nature. Thankfully through years of poking and prodding and detailed research on those that suffered from mental illnesses, we have found that there is more than a just problematic mind or religious issues to be at hand. Dysfunctional brains and fluctuating chemicals within the brain and body are main causal factoring in psychiatric illnesses. This week’s assignment is asking us to touch base on Schizophrenia, Depression, Mania, Anxiety, and Tourette syndrome as well as
…show more content…
One theory of cause is that genetics, birth complications, early infections, autoimmune reactions, toxins, traumatic injury, and stress play the major factors in this diagnosis. (Pinel, 2011) Altered courses of neurodevelopment are the biggest theory by far. Another theory proposed is the release of dopamine through receptors. One theory posed that an elevated amount of dopamine caused Schizophrenia, whereas another theory posed that not enough dopamine but rather the elevated activity at dopamine receptors being a causal route of the diagnosis. Further research has pinpointed this to be a more accurate theory with activity levels and the body’s chemical release and reactions being altered from that of an individual without this diagnosis. Schizophrenia is associated with widespread brain damage; this caused a problematic finding against the dopamine theory. Pinel (2011) states that little evidence of specific structural damage to dopamine circuits was found through research as well as the finding that the Dopamine theory provides no rationale for the diffuse pattern of typical brain damage. Neuroleptic medications have proven most helpful in helping individuals cope with the symptoms of this …show more content…
Another theory of Depression and Mania is Monoamine Theory of Depression, this is the theory that there is a deficient in Monoamine within the body’s chemical release. In our reading we are presented with another theory Diathesis-Stress Model of depression (Pinel,2011). The diathesis-stress model poses that some people have a genetic susceptibility, or diathesis, to depression. This idea is based on the ideology that people suffering from depression release more stress hormone than those that do not suffer from the disorder. The downside to medication therapy is once again the chance of long term effects as well as dependency or the inability to cope outside of medication

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    The causal theories and neural basis that surround the development of Schizophrenia is there is evidence that the disorder may result from genetic predisposition resulting from the Schizophrenia diagnosis in a close, first degree relative (Pinel, 2007). This predisposition, combined with experiences involving significant trauma or stress, may trigger the development of schizophrenia, and in addition, those with the genetic predisposition for schizophrenia often show evidence which suggest neurodevelopment hindrances related to early infection,…

    • 1826 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    There are certain chemical abnormalities that can be observed in people suffering from schizophrenia. Post-mortems on schizophrenics have shown unusually high levels of dopamine. Dopamine is a brain chemical that increases the sensitivity of the brain cells that promote the individual’s awareness of events around her or him when in danger or aroused and when under stress. If, however, the individual’s level of brain activity is already highly aroused, then the effects of additional dopamine activity may trigger the onset of a psychotic state, such as schizophrenia. Seeman (1987) reviewed a number of studies and found a 60-110 density increase in dopamine receptor cells in schizophrenics compared to controls. Wong (1986) found twice the increase in dopamine receptor cells in untreated schizophrenics compared to normal controls and untreated schizophrenics. These show that the much higher levels of dopamine activity in the brain of a schizophrenic may cause or trigger the disease. However where these biological changes do occur they could be the result of the schizophrenia rather than the cause, or linked in ways we have yet to discover.…

    • 1600 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    in the womb). For example, Torrey (2001) found that the mothers of many people with schizophrenia had contracted a particular strain of influenza during pregnancy. The virus may enter the unborn child’s brain, where it remains dormant until puberty, when other hormones may activate it, producing the symptoms of schizophrenia. The emergence of the medical model in the 18th century led to more humane treatment for mental patients. Until then mental illness was blamed on demons or on evil in the individual. The medical model offered a different source of blame – the illness, which was potentially treatable. However, more recent critics have claimed that the medical model is inhumane. Thomas Szasz (1972) argued that mental illnesses did not have a physical basis, therefore should not be thought of in the same way. He suggested that the concept of mental illness was ‘invented’ as a form of social control. The available evidence does not support a simple cause and effect link between mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and altered brain chemistry. For example, schizophrenia is commonly associated with an excess of the brain neurotransmitter dopamine. However, some studies of schizophrenic patients have shown reduced levels of dopamine in some brain tissues, meaning that there may be simultaneous excesses and deficiencies in different parts of the brain. There is no evidence that mental disorders are purely caused by genetic inheritance – concordance rates are never 100%. Gottersman and Shields (1976) reviewed the results of five studies of twins looking for concordance rates for schizophrenia. They found that in monozygotic twins (identical) there was a concordance rate of around 50%. If schizophrenia was entirely the product of genetic inheritance then this figure should be 100%. It is likely that, in the case of certain disorders, what individuals inherit is…

    • 959 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The dopamine hypothesis says that schizophrenia is caused by an increased reaction to dopamine in the brain. This could be because there is too much of the hormone dopamine in the brain, or conversely because there is an abnormally high number of dopamine receptors in the brain. This model says the excess sensitivity to dopamine results in the brain causes the symptoms of schizophrenia.…

    • 548 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The limbic system focuses on emotions, and someone with schizophrenia can easily be agitated and not make a clear picture on what is happening. The hippocampus facilitates the formation of learning and memory, these functions are impaired with individuals suffering from such a debilitating illness. Movement of the body, emotions, and integrating the sensory information belongs to the basal ganglia, and someone whose mental capacities are affected can display abnormal functions that can lead to paranoia and hallucinations. An imbalance in the neurotransmitter dopamine was said to be the primary cause of schizophrenia but new research revealed that more universal neurotransmitter glutamates better explain the symptoms relating to schizophrenia.…

    • 1253 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    1.Rebecca Frey, PhD, Ruth A. Wienclaw, PhD and William A. Atkins,BB,BS,MBA (2012). Schizophrenia. ‘Schizophrenia”.The Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Health. Ed. Kristin Key.Vol 2.3rd ed, Detroit.…

    • 95 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Schizophrenia is a complex brain disorder. Like many other illnesses, schizophrenia is believed to result from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. All the tools of modern science are being used to search for the causes of this disorder.…

    • 1660 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Schizophrenia does not just affect one part of the brain but rather many parts. The main areas of the brain that it affects are the forebrain, hindbrain, and the limbic system. It is believed that Schizophrenia is caused by an overactive dopamine system in the brain (Brain Explorer, 2011). Dopamine is a chemical that is produced in the brain when we are experiencing certain pleasures. Drugs such as methamphetamine also cause the dopamine in our brain to fire off at a very high rate. The smaller parts of the brain that are believed to be affected by schizophrenia are the frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus, temporal lobe, the amygdala, hippocampus, the cerebellum, and the thalamus.…

    • 1888 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Monoamines are group of neurotransmitters serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine. It is suggested that people that suffer with depression have less of these neurotransmitters available to attach to the relevant receptor of the receiving neuron. Quite similar to that of the biomedical model this hypothesis believes that a solution to this imbalance would be to increase the number of the neurotransmitter in particular in the synapse so that there are more available to be able to attach onto the requiring receptor. This in turn would correct the mood disorder. Low levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine are believed to play a key role in causing depression. Hirschfield 2000 cited in Datta (2010 p.59). claimed that low levels of these three monoamines can cause depression whilst increasing these levels will have the opposite effect and lift it . This is supported by Stanley and Mann; Yates et al cited in Datta (2010 p.61) who suggested that the post mortem results of those who were suffering with depression and had committed suicide had a ‘high number of serotonin receptors in the prefrontal…

    • 999 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    A biological view points to genes as a factor. Those with relatives who have the disorder are more at risk to develop the disorder as well. Identical twins are more likely to develop the disorder if the other twin has been diagnosed. Biochemical abnormalities may also be responsible for the development of the disorder. The dopamine hypothesis explains that neurons that use dopamine fire too often and too many messages being transmitted results in symptoms of schizophrenia.…

    • 424 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Schizophrenia explanations are both psychological and biological however the best solution is probably the diathesis stress model; this combines both biological and psychological approaches to schizophrenia. The diathesis stress model suggests that people have vulnerability for schizophrenia (diathesis) which develops only if the individual is exposed to certain environmental factors (a stressor.)…

    • 684 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Final

    • 361 Words
    • 2 Pages

    When it comes to Schizophrenia it is defined as “a group of severe brain disorders in which people interpret reality abnormally” ("Mayo Clinic", 1998-2012). Some symptoms of schizophrenia contain delusions, hallucinations, incoherent speech or difficulty performing everyday tasks. Other symptoms include lack of emotion, inability to experience pleasure, and last but not least social withdrawal. It is not exactly known what actually causes schizophrenia, but it is believed by some researchers that genetics and the individuals’ environment may play a major role in developing the Schizophrenia disease. There are certain events that can trigger schizophrenia in individuals who are in danger for the disorder just based off of their genes. The neural basis of schizophrenia also includes structural malformations of the hindbrain, forebrain and last but not least the limbic system.…

    • 361 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Schizophrenia is a psychological chronic disorder that disables the brain from functioning normally. When people hear the word schizophrenia, many people link it with hallucinations, hearing voices, and paranoia. But what particular aspect is associated with the cause of schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disease for which no clear cause is known. Many people only know the effect of having schizophrenia, but not what contributed to the development. Without many people realizing it, having either a tragic childhood, a traumatic brain injury or even using cannabis, are in fact, major factors to the contribution of the diagnosis of schizophrenia.…

    • 845 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    schizophrenia

    • 862 Words
    • 4 Pages

    No cause of schizophrenia has been identified, but a number of cases have been caught up and are the subject of research. Schizophrenia is thought to be the end result of a combination of genetic, neurobiological, and environmental causes. It can be inherited or causes by environmental factors as well. Most cases of schizophrenia appear in the late teens or early adulthood. A big hypothesis looks at the relationship between the disease and excessive levels of dopamine, a chemical that transmits signals in the brain (neurotransmitter). The genetic factor in schizophrenia has been emphasized by recent findings that first-degree biological relatives of schizophrenics are ten times as likely to develop the disorder as are members of the…

    • 862 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Also, it is unclear how Schizophrenia occurs. There are studies to prove genetics definitely play a part in Schizophrenia so we look at it using the biological approach, however, there are studies…

    • 429 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays