am broadcast station design

AM Broadcast Station Design
(Tarlac City - 864kHz)

Objectives:
1. To propose an AM Broadcasting Station with the following specifications: has an operating power of 10 kW performing a Class II-A operation with service area requisites of 4.47 mV/m and 100µV/m for primary and secondary respectively.

2. To recognize different factors to be considered in selecting a feasible location for an AM Broadcasting Station. Company Profile Location Official Seal of Tarlac City Location map of Tarlac City Company Profile Format News, Entertainment, Information, Inspirational Company Logo Objectives

3. To distinguish and pursue the NTC’s rules, regulations and requirements in the construction of an AM Broadcast Station.

4. To establish different parameters in the construction of AM Station acoustic rooms.
To choose and classify the different equipments to be used in the operation of an AM Broadcasting Station. Interferance Study Locations of the proposed station and its existing adjacent and co-channel stations.
Operating Frequency in Wavelength
Wavelength (λ) = velocity of light/ frequency
= (3 x 108 m/s)/ 864 kHz
= 347.222 m
= 1139.1805 ft

Minimum Vertical Height
HT = 76 m
= 249.3438 ft. Antenna Height in Wavelength
HTW = HTft/ λft

where:
HTW = antenna height in wavelength
HTft = antenna height in feet λft = wavelength (ft)

thus,
HTW = 249.3438 ft / 1139.1805 ft
HTW = 0.2189

Antenna Height in Degrees
H° = HTW x 360° where: H° = antenna height in degree
HTW = antenna height in wavelength

thus,
H° = 0.2189 x 360°
H° = 78.804 ° Effective Field Strength in mV/m
From Graph (See Graph B)
E = 298 mV/m

Inverse Field Strength in mV/m
Es =
Es =
Es = 29.8 V/m GROUND WAVE INTENSITY (SERVICE AREA)

• For Co-Channel Stations

Primary Service Area
RF Signal Ratio : 73 dBµ
Egraph1 : Strength at the primary service area
Erequired1 : 4.47 mV/m
E(from graph) : 298 mV/m

Egraph1 =
Egraph1 =
Egraph1 = 1.5 mV/m Secondary Service Area

RF Signal Ratio:43 dBµ
Egraph2:Strength at the secondary service area
Erequired2: 141.25 μV/m
E(from graph):298 mV/m

Egraph2 =
Egraph2 =
Egraph2 = 47.3993 μV/m
= 0.0473993 mV/m •For ±9 kHz Adjacency

Primary Service Area
RF Signal Ratio:73 dBµ
Egraph1:Strength at the primary service area
Erequired1:4.47 mV/m
E(from graph):298 mV/m

Egraph1 =
Egraph1 =
Egraph1 = 1.5 mV/m

Secondary Service Area
RF Signal Ratio:64 dBµ
Egraph2:Strength at the secondary service area
Erequired2:1.6 mV/m
E(from graph):298 mV/m

Egraph2 =
Egraph2 =
Egraph2 = 0.5369 mV/m •For ±18 kHz Adjacency

Primary Service Area
RF Signal Ratio:73 dBµ
Egraph1:Strength at the primary service area
Erequired1:4.47 mV/m
E(from graph):298 mV/m

Egraph1 =
Egraph1 =
Egraph1 = 1.5 mV/m

Secondary Service Area
RF Signal Ratio:97 dBµ
Egraph2:Strength at the secondary service area
Erequired2:70.8 mV/m
E(from graph):298 mV/m

Egraph2 =
Egraph2 =
Egraph2 = 23.7584 mV/m
FREQUENCY/ADJACENCY INTERFERENCE STUDY
1.For Co-Channel Adjacency Evaluation
Company/Network: Alaminos City Broadcasting Corporation "Radyo Totoo" Computations:
LEGEND
o A = Aerial Distance between Stations = 97.01 km o B = 73 dBµ towards Lucap Alaminos = 34 km o D = 43 dBµ towards Lucap Alaminos = 56 km o E = 73 dBµ towards Proposed Station = 11 km o C = 43 dBµ towards Proposed Station = 63 km

Intervening Space: o A – B – C = (97.01 – 34 – 63) km.
=0.01 km
A – D – E = (97.01 – 56 – 11) km.
= 30.01 km

Findings:
Since there is no signal overlap (the answers are not equal or less than zero), there is No Interference. Company/Network : Nation Broadcasting Corporation "SonShine Radio
Call Sign: DZSP
Power: 5 kW
Location: San Pablo City
Aerial Distance: 176.26 km

the aerial distance of the station in San Pablo City is equal to 176.26 km which eventually exceeds the maximum distance of the signal radius. Therefore, there would be NO INTERFERENCE.
Company/Network : Swara Sug Media Corporation "SonShine Radio"
Call Sign : DWSI
Power: 5 kW
Location: Santiago Isabela
Aerial Distance: 211.44 km the aerial distance of the station in Santiago Isabela is equal to 211.44 km which eventually exceeds the maximum distance of the signal radius. Therefore, there would be NO INTERFERENCE. Company/Network : Abra Community Broadcasting Corporation "Radyo Totoo"
Aerial Distance: 229.48 km the aerial distance of the station in Bangued Town Abra is equal to 229.48 km which eventually exceeds the maximum distance of the signal radius. Therefore, there would be NO INTERFERENCE. Company/Network : Nation Broadcasting Corporation "SonShine Radyo"
Aerial Distance: 975.60km

the aerial distance of the station in Libertad Butuan City is equal to 975.60 km which eventually exceeds the maximum distance of the signal radius. Therefore, there would be NO INTERFERENCE. Company/Network : Filipinas Broadcasting Network
Aerial Distance: 427.63 km the aerial distance of the station in Legaspi City is equal to 427.63 km which eventually exceeds the maximum distance of the signal radius. Therefore, there would be NO INTERFERENCE. Company/Network: University of the Philippines in the Visayas "UPV Radio"

Aerial Distance : 565.10 km the aerial distance of the station in Miagao Iloilo is equal to 565.10 km which eventually exceeds the maximum distance of the signal radius. Therefore, there would be NO INTERFERENCE. Company/Network: Pacific Broadcasting System / affiliate of Manila Broadcasting Company (MBC) "Aksyon Radyo"

Aerial Distance : 1063.85 km the aerial distance of the station in Davao City Davao del Sur is equal to 1063.85 km which eventually exceeds the maximum distance of the signal radius. Therefore, there would be NO INTERFERENCE.
Company/Network : Filipinas Broadcasting Network Aerial Distance : 342.66 km the aerial distance of the station in Canaman Naga City Camarines Sur is equal to 342.66 km which eventually exceeds the maximum distance of the signal radius. Therefore, there would be NO INTERFERENCE.
Company/Network : Cebu Broadcasting Company / affiliate of Manila Broadcasting Company (MBC) "DZRH" Aerial Distance : 948.03 km the aerial distance of the station in Zamboanga City is equal to 948.03 km which eventually exceeds the maximum distance of the signal radius. Therefore, there would be NO INTERFERENCE. Company/Network : Philippine Broadcasting Service (PBS / Radyo ng Bayan) Aerial Distance : 568.04 km , the aerial distance of the station in Calbayog City Samar is equal to 568.04 km which eventually exceeds the maximum distance of the signal radius. Therefore, there would be NO INTERFERENCE.
Company/Network : Notre Dame Broadcasting Corporation Aerial Distance : 995.46 km , the aerial distance of the station in Cotabato City is equal to 995.46 km which eventually exceeds the maximum distance of the signal radius. Therefore, there would be NO INTERFERENCE.
Company/Network: Aliw Broadcasting Corporation Aerial Distance: 88.30 km oA= Aerial Distance between Stations = 88.30 km oB=73 dBµ towards Obando Bulacan = 10.9 km oD=97 dBµ towards Obando Bulacan = 2.8 km oE=73 dBµ towards Proposed Station = 16 km oC=97 dBµ towards Proposed Station = 3.9 km
Intervening Space:
A – B – C = (88.30 – 10.9 – 3.9) km.
= 73.5 km
A – D – E = (88.30 – 2.8 - 16) km.
= 69.5 km
Findings:
Since there is no signal overlap (the answers are not equal or less than zero), there is No Interference. Company/Network: Prime Broadcasting Network " Aerial Distance: 678.32 km the aerial distance of the station in Cebu City is equal to 678.32 km which eventually exceeds the maximum distance of the signal radius. Therefore, there would be NO INTERFERENCE. Company/Network : Radio Veritas Philippines / Global Broadcasting System Aerial Distance : 77.82 km oA= Aerial Distance between Stations = 77.18 km

oB=73 dBµ towards Malolos Bulacan = 15.5 km oD=97 dBµ towards Malolos Bulacan = 2.8 km oE=73 dBµ towards Proposed Station = 34 km oC=97 dBµ towards Proposed Station = 2.75 km

Intervening Space:
A – B – C = (77.18 – 15.5 – 2.75) km.
= 58.93 km
A – D – E = (77.18 – 2.8 - 34) km.
= 40.38 km

Findings:
Since there is no signal overlap (the answers are not equal or less than zero), there is No Interference Radial Path Profiling Radial Path Summary Radio Path Profile RECOMMENDATIONS
After the proponents had studied the proposed AM Broadcasting Station design, the following recommendations were formulated:

1.In the selection of the antenna site, the location must be considered in relation to the population to be served and to other communication installations and airports. Furthermore, the conductivity of the soil and the path between the site and target area must also be taken into consideration.

2. Proper integration of materials and other equipment is necessary during the implementation and optimization of the station’s functionality. 3. For the acoustic consideration, the proposed acoustic design can be improved. The rooms in the station can be treated according to what is wanted or necessary, provided that the required reverberation time is met for each room.

4. Also, the design would serve as reference for future AM broadcasting station design researchers.

CONCLUSION

1. The proposed AM broadcasting station, DZRX Radyo Relax in Tarlac city, designed to operate at 864 KHz frequency and at 10 kW transmitter output power to provide services for the provinces of Pampanga, Pangasinan, and nearby provinces.

2. The proposed station has one (4) co-channel station, seven (7) +/- 9 kHz adjacency station and five (5) +/- 18 kHz. The interference study was conducted only on the existing adjacent stations. The study, in turn, showed that the proposed station feasible in terms of the absence of signal interference. 3. Another important parameter considered in this design is the plan of the building and the integration of proper broadcast equipment. Proper Acoustical Treatment needs to be considered in order to provide the desired reverberation time particularly in the announcer’s booth where the sound is transmitted originates.

4. With all the above mentioned conditions, this AM design promises to be a feasible, effective and reliable tool for any relevant procedures in line with AM broadcastings well as radio broadcasting. Acoustic Design Layout front view