Allelopathy
Competition
Limiting resources
Definition: Interactions between individuals within or among species in which each is harmed by their shared use of a resource that limits their ability to grow, survive, or reproduce
(- / - relationship)
Intraspecific/ Interspecific competition “Intra” = within species
“Inter” = among species
Exploitation/ Interference
Competition
Exploitative:
Interference:
scramble for a limiting resource
(Indirect Interaction)
Some individuals prevent others from using a resource
(Direct Interaction)
Types of Competition:
Consumption
Preemption
One occupied site before another Overgrowth
Territoriality
Chemical
Outcomes of Competition:
Competitive Exclusion
Outcomes of Competition:
Stable co-existence
(resource partitioning)
Different species fill different niches
Today’s Lab: Competition
Pattern: Very few plants grow in the understory of
Eucalyptus trees
Pattern: Very few plants grow in the understory of
Eucalyptus trees
Possible Hypotheses ?
Pattern: very few plants grow in the understory of
Eucalyptus trees
Hypothesis: leaves exude toxic chemicals that inhibit allelochemicals neighboring plants
Today’s Lab: Allelopathy
• Allelopathy: is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces chemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms (i.e. some plants chemically inhibit the germination or growth of competitors) • The word comes from the Greek words allelon, meaning
“of each other”, and pathos, meaning “to suffer”.
• The chemicals may be released from plant tissues directly into the air (volatile chemicals), or released into the soil from the roots or from decomposing leaves.
Today’s Lab: Allelopathy
Fruits
Eucalyptus globulus
Both non-native, but globulus is invasive (has impact on other
Eucalyptus ficifolia
Now Corymbia ficifolia
Today’s Lab: Allelopathy
Wheat
Limiting resources
Definition: Interactions between individuals within or among species in which each is harmed by their shared use of a resource that limits their ability to grow, survive, or reproduce
(- / - relationship)
Intraspecific/ Interspecific competition “Intra” = within species
“Inter” = among species
Exploitation/ Interference
Competition
Exploitative:
Interference:
scramble for a limiting resource
(Indirect Interaction)
Some individuals prevent others from using a resource
(Direct Interaction)
Types of Competition:
Consumption
Preemption
One occupied site before another Overgrowth
Territoriality
Chemical
Outcomes of Competition:
Competitive Exclusion
Outcomes of Competition:
Stable co-existence
(resource partitioning)
Different species fill different niches
Today’s Lab: Competition
Pattern: Very few plants grow in the understory of
Eucalyptus trees
Pattern: Very few plants grow in the understory of
Eucalyptus trees
Possible Hypotheses ?
Pattern: very few plants grow in the understory of
Eucalyptus trees
Hypothesis: leaves exude toxic chemicals that inhibit allelochemicals neighboring plants
Today’s Lab: Allelopathy
• Allelopathy: is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces chemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms (i.e. some plants chemically inhibit the germination or growth of competitors) • The word comes from the Greek words allelon, meaning
“of each other”, and pathos, meaning “to suffer”.
• The chemicals may be released from plant tissues directly into the air (volatile chemicals), or released into the soil from the roots or from decomposing leaves.
Today’s Lab: Allelopathy
Fruits
Eucalyptus globulus
Both non-native, but globulus is invasive (has impact on other
Eucalyptus ficifolia
Now Corymbia ficifolia
Today’s Lab: Allelopathy
Wheat