7-2 Cell Theory

7-1, 7-2 Cell Structures and Function cell theory- all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, new cells are produced from existing cells. prokaryote- smaller and simpler than eukaryotes, do not contain nuclei, are part of the Bacteria domain, are unicellular, are autotrophs or heterotrophs eukaryote- cells with nuclei and contain specialized structures called organells. All plants, animals and fungi are eukaryotes. Part of the Eukarya domain, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia kingdom. plant- eukaryote, cell walls of cellulose, contain chloroplasts, multicellular, autotrophs animal- eukaryote, no cell walls or chloroplasts, multicellular, heterotroph
List the three
- Molecules move from hypertonic to hypotonic, until it reaches an isotonic state (or equilibrium). At that point, molecules will move equally across the membrane.

10-1 Cell Growth surface-area-to-volume-ratio: the ratio of surface area to volume cell division: division of a cell (also called mitosis)
Explain why larger organisms are made of many small cells rather than one large cell, emphasizing the concept of a large surface-area-to-volume ratio. - It is more efficient for an organism to be made of many small cells so as many nutrients as possible can be absorbed quickly. With a large surface-area-to-volume ratio, a cell is able to take in a large amount of nutrients and distribute them throughout the cell very efficiently.
Explain how cell division helps solve the problem of increasing cell size due to cell growth. - Cell division allows the cell to not become overwhelmed with DNA. It also allows the cell to distribute information and nutrients quickly.

10-2 Cell Division
DNA- belongs to the macromolecule class nucleic acids, monomer is nucleotides, makes up chromosome protein- component of a
- Look at diagram in the book, chapter 10-2.

Describe what occurs during each phase of mitosis and cytokinesis. - prophase- centrioles separate and spindles begin to form, chromatin condenses into chromosomes metaphase- chromosomes line up across the center of the cell, each chromosome is attached to a spindle at its centromere anaphase- sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart telophase- chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct shapes, new nuclear membranes are formed cytokinesis- cell plate or cleavage furrow forms and cytoplasm is divided, two cells are formed
Identify the roles of the centrioles and spindles in mitosis - Centrioles release spindles, which then separate chromosomes
Explain the function of the cleavage furrow and cell plate, and identify the types of cells in which each would be found. - Cleavage furrows and cell plates aid in dividing the nuclei during mitosis Cleavage furrows are found in animal cells, cell plates are found in plant cells
Shown a diagram of a cell identify if the cell is in interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, or