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1984 E Regimi Totalitari

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1984 E Regimi Totalitari
1984: Trama del libro

Il romanzo illustra l'ingranaggio di un governo totalitario. L'azione si svolge in un futuro prossimo del mondo (l'anno 1984) in cui il potere si concentra in tre immensi superstati perennemente in guerra fra loro: Oceania, Eurasia ed Estasia. Londra è la città principale di Oceania, la cui società è amministrata secondo i principi del Socing e governata da un onnipotente partito unico con a capo il Grande Fratello, onnisciente e infallibile, che nessuno ha visto di persona (la cui figura è un incrocio fra Stalin e Hitler). Sotto di lui c'è il Partito interno, quello esterno e la gran massa dei sudditi. Ovunque sono visibili grandi manifesti con il volto del Grande Fratello. Gli slogan politici ricorrenti solo: "La pace è guerra", "La libertà è schiavitù", "L'ignoranza è forza".
Il Ministero della Verità, nel quale lavora il personaggio principale, Winston Smith, ha il compito di censurare libri e giornali non in linea con la politica ufficiale, di alterare la storia e di ridurre le possibilità espressive della lingua. Per quanto sia tenuto sotto controllo da telecamere, Smith comincia a condurre un'esistenza ispirata a principi opposti a quelli proclamati dal regime: tiene un diario segreto, ricostruisce il passato, si innamora di una collega di lavoro, Julia, e dà sempre più spazio a sentimenti individuali.
Insieme con un compagno di lavoro, O'Brien, Smith e Julia iniziano a collaborare con un'organizzazione clandestina, detta Lega della Fratellanza. Non sanno tuttavia che O'Brien è un membro della psicopolizia, governata dal Ministero dell’Amore (la cui funzione è di torturare i dissidenti), che riesce ad intrappolarli. Smith viene arrestato, sottoposto a torture e a un indicibile processo di degradazione. Alla fine di questo trattamento è costretto a denunciare Julia, rinunciando così all’amore e di conseguenza all’ultimo segno di umanità rimastogli.
Infine O'Brien rivela a Smith che non è sufficiente confessare e sottomettersi:

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