Mr V Malinga
-------------------------------------------------
Stephen Biko[1] | | Born | 18 December 1946
King William 's Town, South Africa | Died | 12 September 1977 (aged 30)
Pretoria, South Africa | Occupation | anti-apartheid activist | Spouse | Ntsiki Mashalaba | Children | Nkosinathi Biko, Samora Biko, Lerato Biko, Motlatsi Biko andHlumelo Biko[2][3] |
Stephen Bantu Biko (18 December 1946 – 12 September 1977) was an anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s and 1970s.
A student leader, he later founded the Black Consciousness Movement which would empower and mobilize much of the urban black population. Since his death ina police custody, he has been called a martyr of the anti-apartheid movement. While living, his writings and activism attempted to empower black people, and he was famous for his slogan "black is beautiful", which he described as meaning: "man, you are okay as you are, begun to look upon yourself as a human being"
Despite friction between the African National Congress and Biko throughout the 1970s the ANC has included Biko in the pantheon of struggle heroes, going as far as using his image for campaign posters in South Africa 's first non-racial elections in 1994.
Biko was born in King William 's Town, in the present-day Eastern Cape province of South Africa. He studied to be a doctor at the University of Natal Medical School. Biko was a Xhosa. In addition to Xhosa, he spoke fluent English and fairly fluent Afrikaans.
, but after he became convinced that Black, Indian and Coloured students needed an organization of their own, he helped found the South African Students ' Organisation (SASO), whose agenda included political self-reliance and the unification of university students in a "black consciousness."[7] In 1968 Biko was elected its first president. SASO evolved into the influential Black Consciousness Movement (BCM). Biko was also involved with the World Student Christian Federation.
Biko married Ntsiki Mashalaba in 1970.[8] They
Stephen Biko[1] | | Born | 18 December 1946
King William 's Town, South Africa | Died | 12 September 1977 (aged 30)
Pretoria, South Africa | Occupation | anti-apartheid activist | Spouse | Ntsiki Mashalaba | Children | Nkosinathi Biko, Samora Biko, Lerato Biko, Motlatsi Biko andHlumelo Biko[2][3] |
Stephen Bantu Biko (18 December 1946 – 12 September 1977) was an anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s and 1970s.
A student leader, he later founded the Black Consciousness Movement which would empower and mobilize much of the urban black population. Since his death ina police custody, he has been called a martyr of the anti-apartheid movement. While living, his writings and activism attempted to empower black people, and he was famous for his slogan "black is beautiful", which he described as meaning: "man, you are okay as you are, begun to look upon yourself as a human being"
Despite friction between the African National Congress and Biko throughout the 1970s the ANC has included Biko in the pantheon of struggle heroes, going as far as using his image for campaign posters in South Africa 's first non-racial elections in 1994.
Biko was born in King William 's Town, in the present-day Eastern Cape province of South Africa. He studied to be a doctor at the University of Natal Medical School. Biko was a Xhosa. In addition to Xhosa, he spoke fluent English and fairly fluent Afrikaans.
, but after he became convinced that Black, Indian and Coloured students needed an organization of their own, he helped found the South African Students ' Organisation (SASO), whose agenda included political self-reliance and the unification of university students in a "black consciousness."[7] In 1968 Biko was elected its first president. SASO evolved into the influential Black Consciousness Movement (BCM). Biko was also involved with the World Student Christian Federation.
Biko married Ntsiki Mashalaba in 1970.[8] They
References: 5. ^ Biko, Steve (1986). I Write What I Like. San Francisco:Harper & Row. pp. 103–104. 9. ^ Black Consciousness in Dialogue: Steve Biko, Richard Turner and the ‘Durban Moment’ in South Africa, 1970 – 1974, Ian McQueen, SOAS, 2009 10 11. ^ Pillay, Verashni (12 September 2007). "Keeping Steve Biko alive was really hard but we succeeded". News24. Retrieved 2007-09-19.[dead link] 12 13. ^ Blandy, Fran (31 Dec 2007). "SA editor 's escape from apartheid, 30 years on". Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 19 June 2011. 16. ^ Stiebel, Lindy (2005). Still beating the drum: critical perspectives on Lewis Nkosi. Rodopi. p. 80. 17. ^ Kee, Alistair (2006). The rise and demise of black theology. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 18. ^ Heinrichs, Ann (2001). Mahatma Gandhi. Gareth Stevens. p. 12. 19. ^ Lens, Sidney (1963). Africa — awakening giant. Putnam. p. 180. 20. ^ Wiredu, Kwasi; William E. Abraham, Abiola Irele, Ifeanyi A. Menkiti (2003). Companion to African philosophy. Blackwell Publishing. 22. ^ Mngxitama, Andile; Andile Mngxitama, Amanda Alexander, and Nigel C. Gibson (2008). BIKO LIVES! Contesting the Legacies of Steve Biko. Palgrave Macmillan. 24. ^ Martins, Alejandra (25 May 2005). "Black Brazilians learn from Biko". BBC News. Retrieved 2011-06-19. * 1972 Interview with Steve Biko * I Write What I Like, by Steve Biko, Harper & Row, 1986, San Francisco. * Steve Biko: Black Consciousness in South Africa; ed. Millard Arnold; Random House, New York. 1978. * Biko, by Donald Woods; originally published by Paddington Press, London and New York, 1978; later edition published by Henry Holt, New York, 1987. * Goodwin, June; Schiff, Ben (13 November 1995). "Who Killed Steve Biko?: Exhuming Truth in South Africa". The Nation (New York: The Nation Company) 261 (16): 565–568. ISSN 0027-8378 * No * Mngxitama, Andile; Andile Mngxitama, Amanda Alexander, and Nigel C. Gibson (2008). BIKO LIVES! Contesting the Legacies of Steve Biko. Palgrave Macmillan. Google Books Preview version(link) -------------------------------------------------