Bio 100 revision, chapter 4

A cyclist rides her bike up a very steep hill. Which choice below properly describes this example in energetic terms? Both a) and d) are correct.

Every time a source of energy is converted from one form to another: some of the energy is converted to heat, which is not a very usable form of kinetic energy.

A green plant will grow if given nothing more than: water, light, and carbon dioxide

The leaves of plants can be thought of as "eating" sunlight. From an energetic perspective this makes sense because light energy, like the chemical energy stored in food molecules, is used inside plants to do work.

Mitochondria have a "bag within a bag" structure. This is necessary to: create two distinct regions with a concentration gradient between them, a form of potential energy.

During the Krebs cycle: the products of glycolysis are further broken down, generating additional ATP and the high-energy electron carrier NADH

A molecule of chlorophyll increases in potential energy: when one of its electrons is boosted to a higher-energy excited state upon being struck by a photon of light

During C4 photosynthesis: plants are able to continue producing sugars even when they must almost completely close their stomata to reduce water loss during hot days.

Which of the following energy-generating processes is the only one that occurs in all living organisms: glycolysis

In your body, when energy is released from the breakdown of a molecule such as glucose: some of it may be harnessed by building the unstable high-energy bonds that attach phosphate groups to ADP

The actual production of sugars during photosynthesis takes place within the stroma, outside of the thylakoid, but still inside the chloroplast

During photosynthesis, which step is most responsible for a plant's acquisition of new organic material the "plucking" of carbon molecules from the air and affixing of them to organic molecules within the chloroplast.

In harvesting the chemical energy of the molecules in food: organisms can utilize sugars, lipids, and proteins

Photosynthesizing plants rely on water to replace electrons that are excited by light energy and passed from molecule to molecule down an electron transport chain.

Cellular respiration is the process by which energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules is captured by an organism

During cellular respiration, most of the energy contained within the bonds of food molecules is captured in: None of the above. Energy is lost, not gained, during cellular respiration

All alcoholic beverages are produced as the result of: glucose breakdown by yeast occurring in the absence of oxygen.

Animal fats and plant oils are sometimes used as sources of fuel for automobile engines. How is energy harvested from these molecules? They contain long chains of hydrocarbons that, when broken, release the energy stored in the bonds linking the atoms together.

The division of the cytoplasm during cell division is referred to as cytokinesis.

Which of the following statements about telomeres is incorrect? They are slightly shorter in prokaryotic cells than in eukaryotic cells.