NORMATIVE ETHICAL THEORIES Objective • Discuss the normative ethical theories L2: Normative Ethical Theories Beliefs about how people should behave can be classified into at least 2 major categories: Teleological theories (Consequentialism) Right actions are those that produce the most or optimize the consequences of one’s choices. Behaviour is ‘ethical’ if it results in desirable behaviour 1. 2. 3. 4. Ethical egoism Ethical elitism Ethical parochialism Ethical universalism Deontological theories
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that seems almost intuitive to many people: “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.” In his attempt to determine a code for what is right and what is wrong‚ John Stuart Mill argues for the “greatest happiness principle.” In his book Utilitarianism‚ he writes‚ “Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness” (7). In other words‚ the only metric of whether an action is good or bad is its promotion of happiness or lack
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Introduction Justice is the importance of an individual or society having rights‚ equality and fairness. Fracking in the Karoo has damaged the environment and contaminated the water sources which have led to the violation of people rights (du Toit‚ 2011). In order to come to a moral decision whether fracking in the Karoo is or is not desirable I studied Mill’s utilitarian theory of justice which helped me understand that actions must be made to maximize the overall happiness of the individuals
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the professional athlete lifestyle alone‚ and so turn to performance enhancing drugs in order to do so. From a philosophical point of view‚ utilitarian’s will have conflicting views on how to respond to the situation of a drug cheat athlete. Utilitarianism is a moral theory that says what counts as a right action is one which produces the greatest amount of happiness‚ and that the happiness of each person is of
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Throughout life our morals are questioned numerous times and it is completely up to decide what is morally correct and what is logically correct. From that step it is then up to us to decide which one matters most to us. Merriam-Webster defines utilitarianism as “a doctrine that the useful is the good and that the determining consideration of right conduct should be the usefulness of its consequences; specifically: a theory that the aim of action should be the largest possible balance of pleasure over
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The file PHI 445 Week 2 Quiz includes right solutions on the following questions: 1. Few businesses maintain that the socially responsible course to take is the utilitarian one with the lowest net costs. (Points : 1) 2. Utilitarianism is attractive to many because it matches the views we tend to hold when discussing governmental policies and public goods. (Points : 1) 3. Negative rights are defined entirely in terms of the duties others have not to interfere with you. (Points : 1) 4. Cost-benefit
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an equal eye as with humans. It promotes the fact that animal should not be treated as public property‚ traded or be made a part of any business transaction‚ but they should be treated as legal persons‚ with their own rights. According to the Utilitarianism view‚ right is what will promote the greatest possible happiness of the greatest possible number happiness. There are many questions that arise as a result of the views presented by different philosophers. One of the questions that arise is
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held views of society from his father. Throughout his life‚ Mill presented his way of thinking and gave his insight on numerous issues. John Stuart Mill was known most famously for his defense of utilitarianism and personal liberty. Mill worked his whole life to promote utilitarianism. Utilitarianism‚ as defined by Mill himself was “Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure and the
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Ursula Le Guin stays aligned with the ideals of Utilitarianism as described by John Stuart Mill but disagrees with Peter Singer’s view of Utilitarianism. In Mill’s view‚ the happiness of the many outweighs the happiness of the few. This‚ known as the Greatest Happiness Principle‚ can be represented as a railroad‚ with a train coming to a fork in the road and a person has a choice to either let it hit five people or one person. Mill’s ideal for Utilitarianism is that the person in control of the lever
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beings make. Cavico (2009) states utilitarianism is more than just moral philosophy. It is a way of reformation and used extensively in government decision making. This will be discussed further in the Bank of America-Merrill Lynch merger. Utilitarianism is considered a scientific system of ethics and not just a philosophical theory of ethics. Utilitarian ethics follows the belief of maximizing the greatest good for the largest number of people. As utilitarianism is identified‚ one needs to learn
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