References: Chris Horton. (04/05/2012). Positioning Case Study: How Nokia Fell From Number 1 Read more at Al Ries and Jack Trout – Book Positioning: The Battle for Your Mind (1981) Ivan Levison
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Text 6. “STP (What is segmentation‚ targeting and positioning)?” Pre-reading discussion: 1. Why has segmentation become one of the leading concepts in marketing? 2. Can STP process be separated or is it a three-step inseparable process? 3. Can positioning be undertaken before targeting? 4. Do you know marketers well-known or even famous for their ideas about STP? Smith (1957) provided an early definition of segmentation: “Segmentation is based on the observation of evolution in demand
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of a targeted market. 3. Discuss what is meant by positioning using two example of a business positioned in differing market sectors Marketing consists of a range of techniques designed to sell a product/service. It focuses on customers and their needs‚ firms generally undertake research aimed at finding out about their customer’s requirements. A well planned marketing campaign involves a range of methods including; market positioning‚ Market planning‚ identification of target markets and
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L’Oreal: Introduction: The L ’Oréal Group is the world ’s largest cosmetics and beauty company.[2] With its registered office in Paris and head office in the Paris suburb of clichy‚ France‚[3] it has developed activities in the field of cosmetics. Concentrating on hair colour‚skin care‚ sun protection‚ make-up‚ perfumes and hair care‚ the company is active in the dermatological‚ tissue engineering andpharmaceutical fields and is the top nanotechnology patent-holder in the United States.[4] History:
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very high levels. Automobile reward is contingent on the meeting of minimum monthly sales targets. * Consultants ’ need for belonging and esteem (Need Hierarchy Theory) is cost effectively leveraged by the various recognition programs. * Mary Kay Cosmetics has training systems to improve performance (improve E-P in Expectancy theory). Consultants have access to training manuals‚ weekly meetings‚ sponsored conferences‚ a hot-line‚ and other on-going support. * Opportunities for advancement and achievement
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Vodafone and Airtel- A study of the brand positioning of two brands from the same product category. VODAFONE Vodafone Essar‚ formerly known as Hutchison Essar is a cellular operator in India that covers 23 telecom circles in India based in Mumbai.Vodafone Essar is owned by Vodafone 67% and Essar Group 33%. It is the second largest mobile phone operator in terms of revenue behind Bharti Airtel‚ and third largest in terms of customers. Segmentation Vodafone segments its target users by Income
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CASE 4 Giordano: Positioning for International Expansion Company Background Giordano was founded in Hong Kong by Jimmy Lai in 1980. In 1981‚ it opened its first retail store in Hong Kong and began to expand its market by distributing Giordano merchandise in Taiwan through a joint venture. In 1985‚ it opened its first retail outlet in Singapore. Responding to slow sales‚ in 1987 Giordano changed its positioning strategy. Until 1987‚ it had sold exclusively men’s casual apparel. When Lai and his
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Key: EX.4: K: Look at the map‚ Mary. We are at the Bank now. It is the Central Line. M: We need to go to the Piccadilly Circus. K: We can go to the Oxford Circus and change there to the Bakerloo Line and the next station will be the Piccadilly Circus. M: Or we can go to Holborn‚ change to the Northern Line and the second stop will be the Piccadilly Circus. K: Let’s count the stops. In my variant there are six stops. M: And in my route there are only
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Have you ever wondered what is the story behind products and cosmetics? Well‚ today you are going to find out what happens. Animals testing is a very favored way to test to see if a product or cosmetic works how it is supposed to on humans. Over 100 million animals die each year because of animal testing alone‚ the animals are burned‚ crippled‚ poisoned‚ and abused. This sounds like a cruel thing that should not be legal‚ but it totally is. In only 50 experiments‚ about 12‚000 animals have to
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What is Marketing : The word Marketing in narrow sense is used as the sum up of selling process. Now a days marketing is considered as managing profitable customer relationships. Hence‚ we define marketing as the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return. Here the figure 1.1 presents a simple five step model of the marketing process. In the first four steps companies work to understand consumers
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