groups in France on the eve of the revolution consisted of the first estate‚ second estate‚ and the third estate. The first estate was made up of the clergy‚ the second estate was made up of the nobility‚ and the third estate was made up of the commoners. The commoners’ aspiration was to try and gain more power and freedom while the clergy and the nobility were trying the hold on to their power and not lose any. The first estate‚ which was made up of the clergy‚ had the aspiration to hold onto the
Free Estates of the realm Feudalism United States Declaration of Independence
rewrite their social contract in order to liberate themselves from the unfair monarchy. It made it almost impossible to survive under the harsh conditions they were forced into. The heavy involvement of the government in commoners lives lead the third estate to want a less government controlled society. According to document 5‚ France’s debt tripled when they supported the Americans in the American Revolution. With the country in a horrible crisis‚ they were in need money. Taxing their people was their
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from outside world. 3. Religion Ancestral spirit and clan tribal worship. Recent influences of Hinduism and Christianity can be seen. 4. Economy Foraging‚ MFP collecting‚ hunting‚ shifting cultivation (self-sustained economy) Working in tea-coffee estates‚ construction sites in plains and moving to other states. Farming practice reduced (moving towards a market base economy) 5. Music Kogalu ( a traditional folk shawm)‚ para‚ Thapattai etc. Influence of modern cinema songs and use of audio-stereo sets
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originated in India and has become popular in regions around the world over the course of history. Two of these areas include the Mesoamerican/Andes cultures in present day South America and Europe during the middle ages. The actual classes‚ or estates‚ differed for these two regions‚ but religion played a role in both social structures‚ and the system affected Mesoamerican as well as European women. Most cultures of the Mesoamerican region held four different classes‚ but medieval Europe only
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information regarding JSTOR‚ please contact support@jstor.org. http://www.jstor.org Wed Oct 31 04:13:52 2007 The Public Sbhere: An Encyclopedia Article ( 1964)* by Jurgen Habermas 1 . The Concept. By "the public sphere" we mean first of all a realm of our social life in which something approaching public opinion can be formed. Access is guaranteed to all citizens. A portion of the public sphere comes into being in every conversation in which private individuals assemble to form a public body
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sending aid‚ which had the effect of putting France into more debt. After this‚ The Estates General’s power rested with the first and the second estates and times for the peasants were bad as Arthur Young‚ an English writer on agriculture‚ economics‚ and social statistics‚ points out in his Plight of the French Peasants. They were working in harsh conditions‚ paying heavy taxes‚ and they only had one vote in the Estates General. The bourgeoisie longed for equality amongst all citizens in society and
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software and communications technology. Consequently‚ these factors have led it to be promoted as the new public sphere in the way it has become a facilitator of public discussion and great social change. By Habermas’s definition‚ the public sphere is ‘a realm of our social life in which something approaching public opinion can be formed’ (Habermas‚ 1974‚ p. 49). This is particularly evident when looking at the internet as a form of public discussion. Since its conception‚ the internet has caused great
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Maximilien de Robespierre‚ born on May 6‚ 1758‚ was a philosopher‚ a government official‚ journalist‚ scholar‚ judge and activist lawyer (1758-1794). Robespierre was one of the most influential architects of the French Revolution which was to lead to an era known in France as the Reign of Terror from 1793 to 1794. He lived at a dramatic time in the history of his country. Recognized for his deep knowledge of society and politics during the French Revolution‚ he played a decisive role during that
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and calling for urban quality enhancements (see above) to fully reap the real estate opportunities offered by connectivity increases. Thus‚ Crossrail delivers integrated designs for stations‚ above-station developments‚ and public spaces. Each element complements the others to create places and transform spaces. Crossrail Limited‚ which is tasked with delivering the
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king Lear King Lear‚ by William Shakespeare is a tragedy. The title depicts a character‚ who descents into madness mainly after he disposes of his important estate between his two daughters‚ but neglects one of his three daughters. His choice if purely caused by the flattery of two of his three daughters between whom he disposes of his estate. His decision ultimately becomes tragic consequences‚ which affects his entire family (Sparknotes.com). King Lear is a play‚ which talks of the legend of Britain
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