APES Ch. 9 Outline
CHAPTER 9: WATER RESOURCES
Dams and Salmon on the Klamath River
Damaged from electricity and farmers have settle the land and diverted water for irrigation recently→ salmon population greatly reduced, local NA tribes and commercial fishing industry has suffered.
Hydroelectric dams installed when water started to drain for agricultural use
Migrating salmon died off on 2002 due to warm water, growth of toxic algae, and diseases
Dams removed in 2009
Water is abundant, but usable water is rare
70 percent of Earth’s surface is covered by water, but 97% is salt water. One fourth of the less than 3% of freshwater is found underground. Remaining three fourths above ground is found mostly in ice and glaciers. Usable water by humans is found in the form of streams, rivers, wetlands, and lakes
Groundwater exists in the multitude of small spaces found within permeable layers of rock and sediment called aquifers.
Often porous rock covered by soil
Because water can easily flow in out of such aquifers, they are called unconfined aquifers
Aquifers surrounded by a layer of impermeable rock or clay are called confined aquifers, impedes water flow to or from the aquifer
The uppermost level at which the water in a given area fully saturates the rock or soil is called the water table. considered to be the surface of groundwater in an area
Groundwater recharge is when water from precipitation percolates through the soil and works its way into an aquifer confined aquifers cannot be recharged unless the impermeable layer has an opening at the land’s surface that can serve as a recharge area
Water from some aquifers naturally percolates up to the ground surface as springs which serve as a natural source of water for freshwater aquatic biomes, and they can be directly used by humans as sources of drinking water.
Artesian wells is when a hole is drilled into a confined aquifer which releases pressure on the water, thus allowing it to burst out of the aquifer
Dams and Salmon on the Klamath River
Damaged from electricity and farmers have settle the land and diverted water for irrigation recently→ salmon population greatly reduced, local NA tribes and commercial fishing industry has suffered.
Hydroelectric dams installed when water started to drain for agricultural use
Migrating salmon died off on 2002 due to warm water, growth of toxic algae, and diseases
Dams removed in 2009
Water is abundant, but usable water is rare
70 percent of Earth’s surface is covered by water, but 97% is salt water. One fourth of the less than 3% of freshwater is found underground. Remaining three fourths above ground is found mostly in ice and glaciers. Usable water by humans is found in the form of streams, rivers, wetlands, and lakes
Groundwater exists in the multitude of small spaces found within permeable layers of rock and sediment called aquifers.
Often porous rock covered by soil
Because water can easily flow in out of such aquifers, they are called unconfined aquifers
Aquifers surrounded by a layer of impermeable rock or clay are called confined aquifers, impedes water flow to or from the aquifer
The uppermost level at which the water in a given area fully saturates the rock or soil is called the water table. considered to be the surface of groundwater in an area
Groundwater recharge is when water from precipitation percolates through the soil and works its way into an aquifer confined aquifers cannot be recharged unless the impermeable layer has an opening at the land’s surface that can serve as a recharge area
Water from some aquifers naturally percolates up to the ground surface as springs which serve as a natural source of water for freshwater aquatic biomes, and they can be directly used by humans as sources of drinking water.
Artesian wells is when a hole is drilled into a confined aquifer which releases pressure on the water, thus allowing it to burst out of the aquifer