Year 10 physics summary
Energy
Energy can neither be created or destroyed, only changed into different forms.
Energy is only useful when it can be converted into different forms.
Energy is often dissipated - spread out and lost.
9 types of energy:
Thermal (heat) - flows from hot to cold objects
Kinetic (movement) - anything that is moving has this
Light - from the sun, light bulbs et cetera
Elastically potential - when things are stretched
Gravitational potential - anything that can fall
Electrical - whenever a current flows
Sound - vibrations in the air
Chemical -a store of energy e.g. Batteries, food et cetera
Nuclear - released in nuclear reactions
E.g. A television gives out light, sound and heat.
Potential and chemical energy are all stores of energy because they are not actively doing anything but waiting to be changed into another type of energy.
To understand energy transfer, we must understand particles,
States of Matter
Substances can have different states of matter:
The state of matter that a substance is depends on the amount of energy that each of the particles has.
Substances can change between states of matter:
As particles gain kinetic energy, they spread out more, therefore becoming liquid and then gas. When particles lose energy, they spread out less and therefore become liquid and then solid.
Heat energy is energy on the move. Moving from places of high temperature to areas of low temperature. The bigger the temperature difference, the faster the heat transfer.
Heat moves by three different processes:
Conduction - mainly in solids
Convection - mainly in liquids and gases
Radiation - any state of matter can absorb/emit infrared radiation.
Conduction
Vibrations in matter are passed on to transfer heat energy. This is called conduction.
Insulator - a material that stops energy being transferred.
Solids are good conductors because the particles are closer together and so the particles collide more frequently. Good
Energy can neither be created or destroyed, only changed into different forms.
Energy is only useful when it can be converted into different forms.
Energy is often dissipated - spread out and lost.
9 types of energy:
Thermal (heat) - flows from hot to cold objects
Kinetic (movement) - anything that is moving has this
Light - from the sun, light bulbs et cetera
Elastically potential - when things are stretched
Gravitational potential - anything that can fall
Electrical - whenever a current flows
Sound - vibrations in the air
Chemical -a store of energy e.g. Batteries, food et cetera
Nuclear - released in nuclear reactions
E.g. A television gives out light, sound and heat.
Potential and chemical energy are all stores of energy because they are not actively doing anything but waiting to be changed into another type of energy.
To understand energy transfer, we must understand particles,
States of Matter
Substances can have different states of matter:
The state of matter that a substance is depends on the amount of energy that each of the particles has.
Substances can change between states of matter:
As particles gain kinetic energy, they spread out more, therefore becoming liquid and then gas. When particles lose energy, they spread out less and therefore become liquid and then solid.
Heat energy is energy on the move. Moving from places of high temperature to areas of low temperature. The bigger the temperature difference, the faster the heat transfer.
Heat moves by three different processes:
Conduction - mainly in solids
Convection - mainly in liquids and gases
Radiation - any state of matter can absorb/emit infrared radiation.
Conduction
Vibrations in matter are passed on to transfer heat energy. This is called conduction.
Insulator - a material that stops energy being transferred.
Solids are good conductors because the particles are closer together and so the particles collide more frequently. Good