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England and Spain have had religious differences since Henry VIII changed England into a protestant country as a result of the divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. When Henry died his son, Edward I, was a strong protestant and reinforced the protestant faith in England. When Edward I died at the age of 15, his half sister Mary became Queen. She was a strong Catholic, and this resulted in England returning to the Catholic religion which resulted in the persecution of non-Catholics. She married King Phillip of Spain who was also a devout Catholic. When Mary died, her half sister Elizabeth I became Queen of England, who immediately stopped the persecutions of non- Catholics and changed England back to protestant.…
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On the one hand, the threat from Mary Queen of Scots was the biggest threat to Elizabeth I. This is because Mary had a legitimate claim to the throne as she was Henry VIII’s sister’s great granddaughter; therefore she was second in line to the throne. Mary Queen of Scots also had a lot of Catholic support, a lot of the European Union wanted England to be Catholic, and so they would have wanted Mary to be on the English throne and not Elizabeth. All of the Catholics in England would want Mary to be Queen, so she was a large threat to Elizabeth because people in England and in the European Union would want Mary Queen of Scots to be Queen and not Elizabeth I. The Spanish Armada was also a large threat to Elizabeth during her reign. This threat was posed by The King of Spain, King Philip II. Philip and the Spanish were attacking England, because they wanted Mary on the throne. The Spanish Armada was a large threat to Elizabeth in 1588, because the Spanish could easily have attacked England; they had a lot more men and boats than the English. The Spanish Armada also posed as a large threat, because it was a new type of threat that no King or Queen had experienced before; the threat was also posed from another country, this makes it a lot more serious than it would have been if it had have been posed from an Englishman. There was also a third threat, The Northern rebellion in 1569. The…
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King Philip II of Spain was murdered, but by who? With a sum of at least 20 suspects that would have strong reasoning to kill him, who did it? He was found poisoned in bed early one morning, his murderer escaped his castle never to be found. However, upon further investigation, 10 highly interesting clues were found in a burlap sack stuffed behind a statue of the Virgin and Child. Those clues consisted of: A map from Orelius’ Typus Orbus Terrarum, keys to manacles, silver coins, potatoes, Las Casas’ Apologetic History, Elizabeth I’s speech at Tilbury, a Holy Bible in Dutch, Columbus’ Journal, Loyola’s Spiritual Exercises, and a note saying, “It’s working, my friends…”.…
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Elizabeth had inherited the throne of England in 1558 from a Catholic queen Mary who had attempted to re-convert England back to Catholicism and to allow the country to take part in the Catholic reformation of Europe. The accession of Elizabeth was met with anxiety and tension as to discover what she was to do in response to religion and how the Catholic powers of Europe as well as the Catholics within England at the time would treat any changes. The immediate rise to power was met with little hostility as Elizabeth had made very cautious changes to start with as she thought it wise not to provoke hostility from abroad considering the position of England at the time as a small, weak protestant nation. The start of Elizabeth’s reign was fairly peaceful however tensions rose and a Catholic threat seemed more imminent as her reign drew to the end.…
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Mary’s ascension to the throne of England was marked with extraordinary political and religious circumstance: the return of Catholicism in England marshalled by Mary was a decision met with gratefulness and one that pleased many of those citizens supressed under the Tudor dynasty’s progressive and eventually full protestant stance. However, Mary’s gender meant that she couldn’t enjoy the same levels of independence and power as those wielded by her brother and father. Mary’s announcement that she intended to marry Philip II of Spain in 1554 divided her privy council into two distinct groups; one opposing her marriage, favouring the possible courter, Edward Courtenay (Earl of Devon), and the other, who supported the Spanish Monarch. The reasons for these split alliances were deeply ingrained in foreign policy, with those supporting Philip’s prospects seeking the advantages of a strong Anglo-Spanish alliance, and those against it fearing the consequences of a future hereditary Spanish claim to the English throne and a possible need to aid Spain in future conflict.…
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One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. This was because the society was very patriarchal, male dominated, meaning that she was seen as week and less capable of being a good leader. This was a problem for Elizabeth as she had to do more to prove that she could be a good leader. This leads onto the fact that her sister Mary wasn’t a good leader so therefore there were low expectations of Elizabeth, This also meant Elizabeth had a lot to prove in order to be a good leader. Although this was a problem for Elizabeth, there were also positive factors to her gender. One of these was that Elizabeth was very good at using her flirtatious charm to get what she wanted. Another reason Elizabeth’s gender wasn’t too much of a problem was that she asserted her royal authority; it was her divine right to become the queen as god had chosen her.…
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During the King Phillip’s War both colonists and Indians suffered great tragedies with the loss of life and the destruction of land. After a year of conflict that could be classified as the “most devastating war in this country's history”,(Millet & Feis, 20012) the colonials were able to triumph. Success is due in part to insightful soldiers like Captain Benjamin Church who commanded ad hoc volunteer companies. That, in conjunction with the militia’s ability to incapacitate their enemies during the Great Swamp Fight, and the Indian allies assistance in battle lead to the colonist’s success…
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The Spanish King Phillip II also took advantage of the situation in Europe for the gain of himself and his advisors. The section of the Dutch Declaration of Independence presented in Document 9 speaks at length about how Phillip would, “tyrannize at pleasure,” the Low Countries, primarily the Netherlands, while supposedly attempting to quash Protestantism. Instead, it seems, he violently subjugated the Dutch so that he could increase his own, “reputation and grandeur,” all the while allowing those close to him to have positions in, “the richest abbeys,” making a mockery of the supposedly sacred duties of bishops. The Declaration also plainly states that this was all done under, “the mask of religion.” In addition to his violence in the Netherlands, Phillip also tried to use his religion to fulfil his agenda against England. As Pope Pius said in a letter to the Guises, he supports, “all such means as shall be deemed necessary,” to reclaim England and save it from being, “oppressed by the heretics.” Even though the Pope intended to do this by supporting Mary, Queen of Scots, he still allowed Phillip to attempt to invade England after Mary’s execution, especially after Elizabeth started overtly supporting the Protestant rebellions in the…
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When Queen Elizabeth ascended to the throne, there were violent clashes throughout Europe between Protestant and Catholic leaders and their followers. Though Elizabeth honored many of the Protestant edicts of her late father, King Henry VIII, she made significant concessions to Catholic sympathizers, which kept them from attempting rebellion. But when compromise was not possible, she was an exacting and determined leader who did not shy away from conflict. With the naval defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, England was firmly established as a leading military and commercial power in the Western world. Elizabeth supported and later knighted Sir Francis Drake, the first sailor to circumnavigate the globe. She also funded Sir Walter Raleigh's…
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People who disagreed with Elizabeth were primarily worried about how she wouldn’t have the capacity to manage a nation like a man could, and were backed up by the bible. Admirers had a go at spreading their convictions by talking about how rousing and supportive she was to the nation of England and its kin to pick up the acknowledgment of being the ruler. Elizabeth realized that she was being oppressed, and as opposed to sitting back and putting up with it, she voiced her opinions and proved she could be a just and loyal queen. She suppressed her oppositions that didn’t support her as a result of her sex and made an assembled nation that was more grounded than when she entered her rule. She enabled women to have confidence and to not be treated like dirt and promoted equality by being a steadfast queen and demonstrating to the nation that she was pretty much as effective as any…
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Why did Phillip launch the Armada?- Phillip launched the Armada for many reasons. When Elizabeth became queen, Phillip asked her hand in marriage, but she refused. This angered him, as he hoped to keep power over England, and also keep it catholic. This was also an embarrassment as Spain was one of he most powerful countries in Europe. England was also helping protestants in the Netherlands, (which Spain ruled) to revolt against the catholic Spanish. As well as helping the Portrageas gain their independence from Spain. Phillip also had the support of the Pope who encouraged him to invade England. Elizabeth had been excommunicated from the church so the pope thought she ought to be removed. During the 1560's English ships began to loot Spanish fleets returning from America with gold. Phillip blamed Elizabeth for backing such raids and taking her share of the profits. In 1587 Elizabeth executed Mary queen of Scots which also angered Phillip as he saw Mary as the rightful queen of England.…
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Elizabeth I of England was able to act as a "fox" by preventing England from being torn apart over matters of religion. By repealing The Catholic Legislation of Mary Tudor 's reign, she was able to make the New Act of Supremacy which dsignated her as the supreme govenor of spritual and temporal affairs. Also she restored the church service of the Book of Common Prayer, but was clever enough to make some revisions to make it more acceptable for Catholics. With keeping her subjects out conflict, she also made sure that her power within England remained preserved. She didn 't marry anyone, because if she did, the real power would then belong to the king. Maintaining her power outside England ment keeping Spain under control. The "Sea Beggars" were an international group of anti-Spain pirates. Elizabeth made a secret alliance with the Sea Beggars, and sent them to the Netherlands to fight the Spainish. To make sure she was exempt from international problems because of her tie with the Sea Beggars, she immediately diassociated England from the doings of the Sea Begggars.…
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Phillip II, King of Macedonia was murdered in 336 BC when he attended the wedding between his daughter, Cleopatra and his brother in law, Alexander of Epirus. As he walked into the theatre where the wedding was to be held, he was fatally stabbed by a man named Pausanias, his head of guards. There were many theories behind the reason for Pausanias’ actions. Many said that it was pent up anger that drove Pausanias, while others suggested that Phillip’s wife, Olympias of Epirus and his son; Alexander had put him up to it. The Lyncestis brothers (a notable Macedonian family), Antipater (a powerful politician), Demosthenes (a prominent Greek statesmen and orator) and the Persian King Darius III were all said to be involved in the murder of Phillip.…
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There were several plots, rebellions and other disastrous events that led to Elizabeth changing her policy towards Catholics. Many of these were set off by Mary, Queen of Scots’ arrival in England in May 1658 when she fled from Scotland. This strong Catholic provided a figurehead for English Catholics to rally around and her arrival triggered a number of rebellions and plots.…
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During the late 1500s, there were two great powers fighting for superiority. Both King Phillip II of Spain and Queen Elizabeth I of England were contending for the greatest empire in the world. At that, both of these rulers were drastically different in how they carried out policies. One of the biggest policies during the time was religion. During this time, the church was splitting with the protestant sect. of Christianity taking Europe by storm. Henry VIII formed the Church of England in an attempt to marry again, making the country protestant. This would cause a great sir in England as previously it was a catholic country and even a bigger stir when his daughter Mary tried to convert the country back to Catholicism. By the time Elizabeth took reign, she would make the country protestant but, very lenient towards Catholics. Phillip was drastically different when religion was concerned. His nickname was “The Most Catholic King” referring to his dedication to Catholicism. It would prove to be a great part in the reason why he would send his armada in 1588. Foreign policy was another difference between the two countries. England had a policy of not interfering with foreign affairs unless it was against their interests. This policy includes aiding the Spanish Netherlands in a failed attempt to stop the Spanish and also financially aiding pirates to raid Spanish ships. Spain was mostly about preserving Catholicism in Europe. Some examples are a failed attempt to help the Guise family route out the Protestants in France during the French civil war and even more notoriously was the disastrous 1588 Armada, losing two-thirds of his navy. This would definitely mark the end of the Spanish being the greatest empire in Europe. By the end of both King Phillip II of Spain and Elizabeth II of England, Europe would be greatly changed. Spain would no longer be the greatest super power of Europe and England would start its rise to power.…
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