URINE REPORT

URINE

WHAT IS URINE
 is a liquid by-product of the body secreted by

the kidneys through a process called urination(or micturition) and excreted through the urethra.
Kidney’s waste from protein metabolism
 urination - the primary method for excreting water-soluble chemicals from the body.

Dark yellow urine is often indicative of dehydration.
Yellowing/light orange may be caused by removal of excess B

vitamins from the bloodstream.
Certain medications such as rifampin and phenazopyridine can cause orange urine.
Bloody urine is termed hematuria, a symptom of a wide variety of medical conditions.
Dark orange to brown urine can be a symptom of jaundice, rhabdomyolysis, or Gilbert's syndrome.
Black or dark-colored urine is referred to as melanuria and may be caused by a melanoma.
Pinkish urine can result from the consumption of beets.
Greenish urine can result from the consumption of asparagus.
Reddish or brown urine may be caused by porphyria (not to be confused with the harmless, temporary pink or reddish tint caused by beeturia).
Blue urine can be caused by the ingestion of methylene blue (e.g., in medications). Blue urine stains can be caused by blue diaper syndrome.
Purple urine may be due to purple urine bag syndrome.

NORMAL CONSTITUENTS OF URINE
ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS
A. UREA
 Most important nitrogenous constituents
 80% - 90% is in the form of urea
 Urea nitrogen is a waste product resulting

from the breakdown of protein in the body.
 Normal values range from 12 to 20 grams per 24 hours.

B. URIC ACID
 End product of purine metabolism in man.
 Uric acid is usually present in the urine as urates C. CREATININE
 Anhydride of creatine
 Present in urine in quite constant amounts
D. HIPPURIC ACID
- Combination of benzoic acid and glycinee.

Composition of urine (picture)

Things that affect composition of urine
1. Nutritional status
2. Metabolic Process
3. Status of kidney

Volume
- Normal adult excretes betweem 1200 1500mL in