There are various cells in the cerebrum that are responsible for memory. Old people experience loose of memory because the cells responsible for memory are worn out. Also, the nerves do not release neurotransmitters. This makes it hard for the brain cells to carry information from one part of the brain to another. Also, people who have been injured in an accident experience loss of memory. This is because the brain cells are damaged during the accident. The hippocampus is responsible for memory processes. It helps transfer information from short tem memory to long term memory. When the brain is injured the hippocampus is affected and this affects memory process. This makes it difficulty for people to transfer information from the short term memory to long term memory. The study showed that the hippocampus is important in memory processing (Damasio, Grabowski &Frank,…
To start with, the hippocampus itself is essentially like a central hub in the brain that…
6. Hippocampus: Memory. Knowing a route and memorizing what to do at signs and lights.…
Westlake, K. P., & Byl, N. N. (2013). Neural plasticity and implications for hand rehabilitation after neurological insult. Journal Of Hand Therapy, 26(2), 87-93. doi:10.1016/j.jht.2012.12.009…
Neurons receive information from other neurons via hundreds of synapses widely distributed across their dendritic branches. Input signals from synapses propagate along the dendrites to the soma, where the neuron decides whether or not to fire an action potential. Signals that travel farther also attenuate more. Were all synapses equally strong, synapses far from the soma would have less influence on the decision to fire than synapses close by.…
Brain is not hard-wired but is constantly undergoing modifications to store information and adapt to changes in the environment. Nervous systems are thus faced with a fundamental problem: how to allow plastic mechanisms to shape their output and function, without compromising the stability and integrity of the underlying circuits that drive behavior.…
Calpain is a very versatile and commonly functioning protein in many pathways. Due to its large use in the body it plays a significant role in Alzheimer’s disease. Many studies have been done to see Calpain’s exact role in Alzheimer’s. As previously stated Alzheimer’s play a large role in memory loss. cAMP-response element binding protein is also a very important in converting short-term memory to long-term memory. cAMP-response element binding protein must be regulated very tightly because of its importance. One regulator which is believed to play a large role in regulated levels of cAMP-response element binding protein is protein phosphate-1. Protein phosphate-1 regulates cAMP-response element binding protein by becoming phosphorylated so it becomes active. (Cho et…
Research has shown that not only do nature and nurture each contribute to who we are, but also that they speak the same language. Both achieve their effects by altering the synaptic organization of the brain. The process by which experience shapes synapses is referred to as "synaptic plasticity." Although a great deal of synaptic plasticity occurs during early childhood as the brain is developing, plasticity in the form of learning and memory continues to shape our synapses throughout our lives. [1]…
My short story will be written in the form of a log, and tells the story of a young woman who is selected for an investigational mission into space. Mysterious radio waves have been received on earth from beyond Pluto, and NASA wants to discover if there is any possibility that they indicate life on another planet. She is the single crew member on the ship, and details her experiences including close calls with space debris, the effects she is feeling after spending multiple years in space, and finally her discovery of the source of the radio waves (A black hole!). Unfortunately by the time she discovers the black hole her ship is too close and is being pulled in. She is already desperately sick from her long journey however, and decides the most important thing to do is to salvage her report. She cannot…
Eichenbaum, H. (2002) Learning and memory: brain systems. In: Squire, L.R. et al (eds). Fundamental Neuroscience. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Science.…
Have you noticed that the world has been becoming a much different place recently? That things have been evolving socially, preconceptions disappearing, stereotypes dissipating or transforming? I am vehement about change and tolerance, and the past few years have shown me that real change can come to pass within a very short span of time. All it takes is a few new generations to cause new thoughts and ideals to circulate, creating social platforms that other individuals can join. Changing the existing intolerant behavior and instilling tolerant behavior is a result of the younger generation’s capacity for neuroplasticity. The past few generations of people have increasingly become more tolerant over the years, a result of an increased capacity…
According to this model, synaptic potentiation is associated with the homeostatic regulation of slow wave activity, which is associated with synaptic downscaling. Information encoding in the day during wakefulness leads to a net increase of synaptic strength in the synapses of many brain circuits, enabling plasticity. However, this net increase in synaptic strength leads to an oversaturation of learning capacity, and takes up both a lot of space and energy. Hence, during sleep, synaptic downscaling occurs, decreasing synaptic strength globally to a sustainable level in terms of space and energy demands and enabling the reuse of these synapses for future encoding.…
This week, for my perceptual phenomenon, I have chosen to write about experience-dependent plasticity. Defined in our text, this basically means an individual’s partiality towards the way things have always been for them; their influences and habits of their personal experiences (Goldstein, 2010). In the military, regardless of which branch, this perceptual phenomenon can make or break a team environment due to the way individuals are willing to receive change and or have the ability and knowledge to move from familiar situations into something with less recognizable surroundings. According to our text, raising an individual in an environment with only one type of stimuli results in the individual being predominantly geared towards those stimuli (Goldstein, 2010). The military, thru basic training or boot camp, does a fantastic job in breaking the individual down and breaking the normal behaviors of the individual and then proceeds in rebuilding the individual into a gear in the overall engine that must conform to…
The process of consolidation uses something called long-term potentiation, it lets a synapse increase its strength while increasing the number of signals that are being transmitted between the two neurons. Memory reconsolidation is the procedure of formerly stored memories being recalled and increasingly Strengthened. It’s a diverse process that helps to keep up, strengthen and adjust memories that are previously kept in the long-term…
Hippocampal place cells are neurons that fire whenever an animal is located in a particular region in the environment (Moser & Moser, 2008). These place cells remain to fire in a novel environment,…