The film that I choose to do a respond on is the film “Mending Ways: The Canela Indians of Brazil.” In the film, the anthropologist, Dr. William H. Crocker from the Smithsonian Institute of Anthropologist studied the Canela tribe for over 30 years. The film is divided into two parts which is the first is about how he studied the tribe and its culture. A few years later, merely about 20 years, he studied the change in the community which lead to the second part of the film. What interest him in studying the tribe is not just their unique way of life, he is also keen to know their extraordinary bonding and conflict resolution skill among people in the community which is commonly known…
Francisco Pizarro was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the Inca Empire. Interestingly, through his father, he was a second cousin, once removed of Hernán Cortés. I guess the once removed apple doesn’t fall far from the once removed tree, ha. With his brothers and commission from Emperor Charles V. (unlike his once removed second cousin), Pizarro overthrew the Inca leader Atahualpa and conquered Peru. He founded the new capital city of Lima three years later. He claimed the land for Spain, and he killed Atahualpa despite the Peruvians/Incans paying the ransom. He forced Christianity onto them and forced them into serfdom. Thanks to his actions, many people died, and even now, he is still viewed negatively in the Peruvian…
The unexpected attack surprised the Incas, where the Incas didn’t know they have superior numbers than the Spanish. And there were also other psychological factors, such an Inca god called Viracoxa was a white man, and the Incas thought these men might be the incarnation of Viracoxa.…
The Inca empire was a great empire and an advanced culture in the American continent, before its discovery by the Europeans. In general, the Empire extended from the North of Ecuador to the central part of Chile and from the Andes to the coast. The Incas were a Peruvian tribe, believed to speak Quechua and mythologically speaking they came from the South and were deposited in the so-called Cuzco Basin, where they were originally confined. Apparently the Incas extended their dominion by neighboring tribes around the year 1100 BC. Nevertheless, the Inca Empire reached its maximum splendor in Century XV.…
During the Pre - Columbian period in Ecuador, over one hundred different crops were grown, many continue to be the dominant crops today. Some of the foods that we currently eat including, potatoes, sweet corn, and avocado originated in Ecuador, hundreds to thousands of years ago. The topics of various crops and plants grown in Ecuador, storage and food preparation methods in the Andes, and the domestication of animals by the Incas will be explored here. Each culture within Ecuador made enormous contributions to society.…
“Suddenly we found ourselves standing in front of the ruins of two of the finest and most interesting structures in ancient America.” wrote, Hiram Bingham. This was Hiram Bingham’s description of when he first discovered Machu Picchu. Machu Picchu is an abandoned Incan religious retreat located on the eastern slopes of the Vilcanota mountain range, 80 miles away from the city Cusco. Machu Picchu has over 3,000 steps, stretches over five miles long, and had over 150 buildings. The abandonment of the amazing architectural accomplishment of Machu Picchu was caused by factors such as the Spanish invasion of the Incan Empire, the smallpox outbreak in the empire, and there were no more emperors to rule.…
The Miracle In The Andes is a novel by Nando Parrado, and it is a real story happened in the 13th of the October in 1972. The novel talking about the Fairchild, an Uruguayan plane crashed in the Andes. The passengers on the plane were 45, and many of them were from the Old Christian rugby team include some of their family members. In the crash 40 members had survived from 45, and by the time they spend it on the Andes the number had reduced to 16. The novel also talking about the horrors they faced on the mountain like the cold, the lack of food and water, nevertheless; they experienced the death of their friends and family members. They learned many treks to keep them alive on the Andes, they learned how to stay warm, they melted the snow to drink and they ate the dead bodies flesh to survive from starvation. They tried desperately to climb the mountain, but their attempt failed. Nando Parrado did not want to die on the Andes like one of his friends, so he decided to climb. Even though he was afraid to face the Andes, but he made his destination to the west. Ten days after all the horrors, he and with two of his teammate found their way into the mountains. After they arrived home, Nando back to his normal life again, and he attained the promise that he made to himself that he will meet his father again, and he will enumerate how his Mom and Susy died on the Andes.…
Many people face pain and hardships throughout life and learn to accept reality using courage and strength. In the “Long Way Home” an excerpt from Miracle in the Andes, Nando Parrado faces many hardships. In the beginning of the novel Nando is heartbroken due to the fact that his plane has crashed in the Andes Mountains, and that many people including his best friends, and his mother, and sister have died. His thoughts haunt him, telling him to survive, and not “waste tears”, as they will be needed for his survival. Nando remembers his father and his heart fills with joy; he imagines how is father must be feeling, after hearing the news of the crash. He quietly whispers to his father “I am alive”. Nando describes the mountains being very strong and powerful, and lacking warmth. Nando vows to his father that he will ‘come home”, no matter how long it takes, and how worse the conditions become. Nando faces many difficulties as the story progresses, but his promise to his father gives him courage and strength to keep on going instead of giving up. “We all knew our fight for survival would be uglier and more harrowing than we had imagines, but we had made the declaration to the mountain that we would not surrender. In a small, sad way, I had taken a first step back toward my father.” Throughout the excerpt conditions worsen, many more of Nando’s friends die, and the food becomes scarce. With courage and strength, Nando decides that he must climb the mountain to save himself and reach home to his father. He takes a few friends with him for the journey. Along the way, he faces many hardships, but his determination and courage help him reach his goal. One day, Nando realizes that their pilot was wrong, and gave them incorrect information of “passing Curico”. As soon as he learns that his hopes shatter. In his thoughts he begins to think and realize that death has an opposite, which is love. As soon as he realizes this his fear of death “lifts”. “My fears lifted, and I…
I began my travels through the central Amazon forest after my first year of undergraduate studies in San Francisco. The stories that I heard about the isolated tribes of the Green Jungle both fascinated and compelled me to go. After I put my rebellious pug named Charlie after my favorite movie character at my mothers, I drove to the airport. I flew to the remote Brazilian city of Manaus in a two propeller and half operational turn of the century airplane. Once we landed, I met my fellow colleague Ignacio Del Barton, and we headed to the green inferno. After our truck could go no further into the green ravages that is called the lungs of the earth, we began to hike. The amazon is filled with life teeming in every corner and in every niche. Everything…
In this essay, it will talk about why the logger uses of the rainforest are important and what they use the rainforest for. Loggers wants to make a living. They rely on the Amazon Rainforest to support their way of life. Logging bring jobs to the poor. Without people being able to log, poverty would have grown throughout Latin America. Loggers creates more lands for agriculture and roads. When having more land for agriculture, there are more and better abundant production of food and materials.…
The Amazonian Rainforest consists of an expansive 350 million square acres smack in the middle of Brazil and many other countries. It is the largest rainforest in the world and is home to hundreds of indigenous species of plants and animals. However Brazil’s developing status is endangering the rainforests existence. It is currently reported that 500,000 trees are cut down every hour, and the country is losing anywhere from 20,000 to 100,000 species a year. To many this is unacceptable and the amazon should be protected, others believe that operations should continue as is. In reality the Amazon Rainforest needs to be developed in a sustainable manner because the rainforest is home to many species and is detrimental to global health, Brazil…
The worst impact deforestation has on the amazon rainforest is the loss of habitat for many important species. This has greatly impacted the habitats of species in the Amazon rainforest. There are about ten million species that have been discovered by man living on earth. More than half of these species live in tropical rainforests such as the Amazon. Many keystone species and apax predators have habitats in the Amazon. A keystone species is a species that has many important interactions within a community. They are responsible for supporting the community and their absence can cause trophies cascades. This means that without a keystone species, the entire community will fall apart because it will have nothing holding it together. An apax predator,…
Everyday, people come up to me and ask my story. Everyday, I tell them the same thing. “I am an old man,” I say, “I have no story that will interest you.”…
Ranching operations cannot be initiated on forested land, and ranchers must transform the rainforest into grassland in order to commence operations. Deforesting the Amazon produces timber as a byproduct. Margulis calculated the value of the timber to be USD $203 per hectare of rainforest (57). For loggers, ranchers, and other agri-businessmen, they may see no more value in the rainforest than the USD $203/ha. that can be profited from the wood. However, Ioulia Fenton, the leader of the food and agricultural research stream at the Institute of Advanced Developmental Studies in Bolivia, would see their evaluation as incredibly short-sighted. She informs that, when harvested sustainably, the rainforest offers an infinite supply of “fresh water; wild foods; crops and livestock; wild fisheries; wood for fire and construction; fibers and other materials for arts and crafts; and natural biomedicines and pharmaceuticals” (Fenton). For the local and indigenous populations who reside in Amazonia, the rainforest is their lifeline; it keeps their hunger satiated, their bodies healthy, their houses standing, and their cultures intact. To deprive them of their rainforest is to deprive them of their way of life. Throughout post-Columbian history in the New World, non-natives have often committed such…
In 1972, a Uruguayan Air Force plane has crashed in the Andes, leaving members of a rugby team and their families fighting for their survival. Two men from the crash later appeared in Chile, claiming to have walked through the Andes and declared themselves as passengers of a plane that fell out of the sky. 16 out of 45 passengers survived over the course of nearly 72 days. The survivors faced multiple challenges as stated in the book Miracle in the Andes by Nando Parrado. Here are some of their challenges.…
