Right to education in India
Rutul Desai
Dr. Sanjay Pradhan
School of liberal studies IR Major (5th sem.)
9th Sept.2013
Right to education
Problems and solutions
Abstract
Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. (Article 26 of the 1948
Universal Declaration of Human Rights).This UN recommendation has been reinforced in the provisions of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act (2009), which came into effect in India on 1 April 2010, enshrining in law for the first time the rights of all
Indian children aged between six and fourteen years to free and compulsory elementary education regardless of caste, class, gender, etc. After 62 year of independence, The Union of
India has made free and compulsory education a fundamental right for every child between the age of 6to 14. Now India has joined the group of those countries who provide for constitutional guarantee to free and compulsory education. The enforcement of this right is the joint responsibility of the centre and the state with even the local bodies playing their role in its functioning. The present paper shares the historical perspective, salient features, critical analysis of the act, the problems ahead and suggests ways to overcome them.
Index
Content
Page number
Introduction
4
Historical perspective
5
Salient features
6
Criticism
7
Challenges ahead
9
Suggestions
11
Conclusion
13
References
14
Introduction
Education is a fundamental human right and essential for the exercise of all other human rights.
It promotes individual freedom and empowerment and yields important development benefits.
Yet millions of children and adults remain deprived of educational opportunities, many as a result of poverty.
Normative instruments of the United Nations and UNESCO lay down international legal obligations for the right to education. These
Dr. Sanjay Pradhan
School of liberal studies IR Major (5th sem.)
9th Sept.2013
Right to education
Problems and solutions
Abstract
Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. (Article 26 of the 1948
Universal Declaration of Human Rights).This UN recommendation has been reinforced in the provisions of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act (2009), which came into effect in India on 1 April 2010, enshrining in law for the first time the rights of all
Indian children aged between six and fourteen years to free and compulsory elementary education regardless of caste, class, gender, etc. After 62 year of independence, The Union of
India has made free and compulsory education a fundamental right for every child between the age of 6to 14. Now India has joined the group of those countries who provide for constitutional guarantee to free and compulsory education. The enforcement of this right is the joint responsibility of the centre and the state with even the local bodies playing their role in its functioning. The present paper shares the historical perspective, salient features, critical analysis of the act, the problems ahead and suggests ways to overcome them.
Index
Content
Page number
Introduction
4
Historical perspective
5
Salient features
6
Criticism
7
Challenges ahead
9
Suggestions
11
Conclusion
13
References
14
Introduction
Education is a fundamental human right and essential for the exercise of all other human rights.
It promotes individual freedom and empowerment and yields important development benefits.
Yet millions of children and adults remain deprived of educational opportunities, many as a result of poverty.
Normative instruments of the United Nations and UNESCO lay down international legal obligations for the right to education. These
References: The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (RTE Act, 2009). Education and National Development, Report of the Education Commission (1964-66), NCERT, New Delhi, 1971. National Policy on Education – 1986, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India, Dept. of Education, New Delhi, May, 1986. Towards an Enlightened and Humane Society, Report of the Committee for Review of National Policy on Education 1986, Final Report, 26th Dec. 1990. National Policy on Education–1986 (With Modifications undertaken in 1992), Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Education, New Delhi, 1992. National Policy on Education 1986, Programme of Action, 1992, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Education, Govt. of India, 1993. Education for All – The Indian Scene, Department of Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India, Dec. 1993. Sixth All India Educational Survey, Selected Statistics, NCERT, New Delhi, 1998. Seventh All India School Education Survey, Provisional Statistics, N.C.E.R.T., New Delhi, Sep. 30, 2002. National Curriculum Framework, 2005, N.C.E.R.T., New Delhi. National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education, N.C.T.E., New Delhi, 2009–10. The gazette of extraordinary India