§The act or process of inhaling and exhaling
§Functions of Respiratory System
§Gas exchange between blood and air
§Move air to and from exchange surfaces
§Protect exchange surfaces from environmental variations and pathogens
§Produce sound
§Detect olfactory stimuli
Types of respiratory organ
§1. Aquatic respiration
§A. cell membrane – amoeba, paramecium
§C. gills – mollusks and arthropods
§1. papulae – finger-like dermal branchiae
§Eg. Starfish
§2. gills exposed to the water
§Absence of operculum
§Shark, salamander larvae and tadpoles
§3. gills covered with operculum
§Bony fishes
§4. external gills
§Necturus (mud puppy)
§D. skin
§Salamander
§Eels (absorb oxygen thru skin)
§frogs
§2. AERIAL RESPIRATION
§1. epidermis
§Annelids
§2. booklung
§Spider
§3. trachea or tracheal tubes
§Spiracles
§Insects, centipedes, millipedes
§4. lungs
§Lungfish – swimbladder (dry season)
Respiration in frog
§Jaws (closed)—glottis closed – larynx – lungs – muscle of abdomen expand (exchange of gases)
Respiratory System Organization
§Components of the Respiratory System
§Nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses
§Pharynx
§Larynx
§Trachea, bronchi
§Lungs
§Bronchioles
§Alveoli (gas exchange)
Characteristics of a good respiratory organ
§1. thin
§2. moist
§3. impregnated with blood vessel
§4. elastic and highly distensible
§5. large surface area
§Respiratory Mucosa
§Respiratory epithelium plus supporting connective tissue with mucous glands
§Lines nasal cavity and most of airways
§Goblet and gland cells secrete mucus
§Mucus traps inhaled dirt, pathogens, etc.
§Ciliated cells sweep the mucus out of the airways into pharynx
§Irritants stimulate secretion
§Causes “runny nose”
Respiratory Physiology
§Three Integrated Processes
§Pulmonary ventilation—Moving air into and out of the respiratory tract; breathing
§Gas exchange —Diffusion between alveoli and circulating blood, and between blood and interstitial fluids
§Gas transport—Movement of oxygen from alveoli to cells, and carbon dioxide from cells to alveoli
§Gas Exchange
§External respiration—Diffusion of gases between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood across the respiratory membrane
§Internal respiration—Diffusion of gases between blood and interstitial fluids across the capillary endothelium
You May Also Find These Documents Helpful
-
100-Name 4 different types of respiratory surfaces for organisms with examples Skin-frogs Gills-Fish (also skin) Tracheae-Insects (tracheal tubes directly feed body tissues across cell membranes, separate from circulatory system) Lungs-Humans (other mammals)-exchange of gases 200-1, Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because A) the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume. B) pressure in the alveoli increases. C) gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. D) pulmonary muscles contract and pull on the outer surface of the lungs. E) a positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm relaxes.…
- 2067 Words
- 9 Pages
Good Essays -
| Fill in the missing word.In anatomical terms, the brain lies ……. to the eyes.Answer…
- 3024 Words
- 13 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
Lined with hair, cilia, and goblet cells that make up mucus and filters the air from air-dust, pollen and foreign materials.…
- 574 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays -
• Describe an overview of the key anatomical parts of the respiratory system and how it works.…
- 531 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays -
Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is…
- 1215 Words
- 5 Pages
Good Essays -
1. During normal quiet breathing, about ______ ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath. a.…
- 1362 Words
- 6 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
The trachea is lined by cartilage and divided into two branches, called the bronchi, which enter the left and right lungs. It is composed with pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The trachea is the windpipe which conditions – warms, moistens, and removes particles – of the air inhaled.…
- 598 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays -
2. What is the entire process of gas exchange between atmosphere and body cells called? The entire process of exchanging gases between the atmosphere and body cells is called respiration.…
- 364 Words
- 2 Pages
Good Essays -
sagittal 2. heart 3. pleural 4. lungs 5. cranial 6. thoracic 7. cranial 8. stomach 9.…
- 9679 Words
- 39 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
7.|These are triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior and superior border of the cricoid cartilage.|…
- 2656 Words
- 11 Pages
Good Essays -
(Click on the Save a Copy button on the panel above to save your report)…
- 1048 Words
- 5 Pages
Powerful Essays -
1. LOCATION: Inpatient, Hospital PATIENT: Margaret Hill ATTENDING PHYSICIAN: Ronald Green, MD SURGEON: Gary Sanchez, MD PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: Chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: Chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis PROCEDURE PERFORMED: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy INDICATION: Mrs. Hill has been having RUQ pain with nausea and vomiting and diarrhea. The patient was found to have chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis and she was taken to the operating room. PROCEDURE: The patient received Ancef 1 gram intravenously preoperatively. She was prepped and draped in the usual manner. An infra umbilical incision was made; the abdomen was entered under direct vision. Two stay sutures of 0 Vicryl were placed on either side of the incision. The Hasson sheath was then inserted. The abdomen was then inflated with CO2 gas. Three additional ports were then placed. The hilum of the gallbladder was then dissected free. The cystic duct and cystic arteries were identified. The cystic duct was clipped with three white clips and divided. The cystic arteries were clipped with three white clips and divided. There was another small branch of the artery encountered up on the gallbladder bed. This was also clipped with three white clips and divided. The gallbladder was then dissected free from the gallbladder bed using hook cautery. The specimen was placed in a bag and brought out through a lateral port. The lateral port fascia was approximated with 0 Vicryl sutures. The operative area was thoroughly irrigated and the incisions were then closed with 3-0 Vicryl sutures for the subcutaneous tissues and a 4-0 Vicryl subcuticular stitch for the skin. Steri-Strips were applied. Incisions were then injected with 0.5% Marcaine with Epinephrine. The patient tolerated the operation and returned to Recovery in stable condition. Identify the correct diagnosis (ICD-9-CM) code(s) for the inpatient hospital visit for patient Margaret Hill: ICD-9-CM: __________ 2.…
- 4044 Words
- 11 Pages
Good Essays -
a) In zone 1, a decrease in PK and an increase in PNa: In zone 2, an increase in PCa…
- 967 Words
- 4 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
4. Review the hepatic portal system (what is it, and why is it good that we have one).…
- 474 Words
- 2 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
Vertebrates are animals that are members of the subphylum Vertebrata /-ɑː/ (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates include the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently…
- 503 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays