Pipe Report
Introduction:
In any pipe system there is going to be a loss of energy due to the effect of viscosity from a fluid acting upon the surface of the pipe, this is called Friction Loss. This type of lost depends on the shear stress due to the walls of the pipe and the fluid. It also depends in weather the fluid is laminar or turbulent.
A major difference between these two flows is that due to a viscous layer created in turbulent flow the roughness of the pipe can be taken in account while in laminar flow, it can be neglected because that layer is not created. Many factors are taken in account when we want to measure the energy lost during the trajectory of a fluid through a pipe such as, distance, diameter, roughness of the surface, viscosity of the fluid, all affect friction loss. However, many of the aforementioned factors are considered “minor loss,” but friction loss is considered a “major loss.”
The frictional resistance to which a fluid is subjected, as it is moving along a pipe it continuously losses energy going downstream. The mean velocity in the pipe (remains constant) the friction factor f is defined by
And the Reynolds number can be obtained by
For typical flows in smooth pipes, laminar flow corresponds to Re<2300, and the turbulent flow corresponds to Re>4000, and the laminar/turbulent transition is 2300<Re<4000.
During the experiment we will analyze the friction loss in a pipe system. And also how to calculate the Reynolds number to know if it is laminar or turbulent flow.
Procedure:
We verify that all the components of the Pipe Friction Apparatus were in its respective place. (Leveling, connection, air purge valve position). After verifying we set up the water-in and water-out at one third of their fully open position. We started running the water to then fully closed the water-out valve. We adjusted the air valve purge to 300mmH2O. We also clear all the bubbles we found on the system. We adjusted the water-out valve to obtain a full flow.
In any pipe system there is going to be a loss of energy due to the effect of viscosity from a fluid acting upon the surface of the pipe, this is called Friction Loss. This type of lost depends on the shear stress due to the walls of the pipe and the fluid. It also depends in weather the fluid is laminar or turbulent.
A major difference between these two flows is that due to a viscous layer created in turbulent flow the roughness of the pipe can be taken in account while in laminar flow, it can be neglected because that layer is not created. Many factors are taken in account when we want to measure the energy lost during the trajectory of a fluid through a pipe such as, distance, diameter, roughness of the surface, viscosity of the fluid, all affect friction loss. However, many of the aforementioned factors are considered “minor loss,” but friction loss is considered a “major loss.”
The frictional resistance to which a fluid is subjected, as it is moving along a pipe it continuously losses energy going downstream. The mean velocity in the pipe (remains constant) the friction factor f is defined by
And the Reynolds number can be obtained by
For typical flows in smooth pipes, laminar flow corresponds to Re<2300, and the turbulent flow corresponds to Re>4000, and the laminar/turbulent transition is 2300<Re<4000.
During the experiment we will analyze the friction loss in a pipe system. And also how to calculate the Reynolds number to know if it is laminar or turbulent flow.
Procedure:
We verify that all the components of the Pipe Friction Apparatus were in its respective place. (Leveling, connection, air purge valve position). After verifying we set up the water-in and water-out at one third of their fully open position. We started running the water to then fully closed the water-out valve. We adjusted the air valve purge to 300mmH2O. We also clear all the bubbles we found on the system. We adjusted the water-out valve to obtain a full flow.