Moral Philosophy
Moral Philosophy
“Principles or rules that people use to decide what is right or wrong”
1.TELEOLOGY:-
* An act is considered morally right or acceptable if it produces some desired result, i.e., pleasure, knowledge, career growth, a self-interest, or utility. * Theory that derives duty from what is valuable as an end, in a manner diametrically opposed to deontological ethics. Teleological ethics holds that the basic standard of duty is the contribution that an action makes to the realization of nonmoral values. * The word teleology comes from the Greek roots telos, which means end, andlogos, which means science. Thus, teleology is the "science of ends." * Ethical Egoism: an action is morally right if the consequences of the action,right or acceptable behavior in terms of consequences for the individual * Ethical Utilitarianism: an action is morally right if the consequences of the action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone.vorable than unfavorable only to the moral agent performing the action. Example no 1.a consequentialist moral system might justify the torture and murder of an innocent child if it would lead to a cure for all forms of cancer.The question of whether or not we should really be committed to taking responsibility forall of the consequences of our actions is another issue which critics bring up. After all, if the morality of my action is dependent upon all of its consequences, then I am taking responsibility for them - but those consequences will reach far and wide in ways I cannot anticipate or comprehend. Example no 2. In class, for example, some of you who said that it would be good to torture the person who had been arrested argued that the outcomes would be better if we did torture him (lives saved, etc) than if we did not (thousands killed, etc). That is using a teleological or consequentialist kind of thinking to determine which course of action would be best.
2. DEONTOLOGY:- * Deontological, or
“Principles or rules that people use to decide what is right or wrong”
1.TELEOLOGY:-
* An act is considered morally right or acceptable if it produces some desired result, i.e., pleasure, knowledge, career growth, a self-interest, or utility. * Theory that derives duty from what is valuable as an end, in a manner diametrically opposed to deontological ethics. Teleological ethics holds that the basic standard of duty is the contribution that an action makes to the realization of nonmoral values. * The word teleology comes from the Greek roots telos, which means end, andlogos, which means science. Thus, teleology is the "science of ends." * Ethical Egoism: an action is morally right if the consequences of the action,right or acceptable behavior in terms of consequences for the individual * Ethical Utilitarianism: an action is morally right if the consequences of the action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone.vorable than unfavorable only to the moral agent performing the action. Example no 1.a consequentialist moral system might justify the torture and murder of an innocent child if it would lead to a cure for all forms of cancer.The question of whether or not we should really be committed to taking responsibility forall of the consequences of our actions is another issue which critics bring up. After all, if the morality of my action is dependent upon all of its consequences, then I am taking responsibility for them - but those consequences will reach far and wide in ways I cannot anticipate or comprehend. Example no 2. In class, for example, some of you who said that it would be good to torture the person who had been arrested argued that the outcomes would be better if we did torture him (lives saved, etc) than if we did not (thousands killed, etc). That is using a teleological or consequentialist kind of thinking to determine which course of action would be best.
2. DEONTOLOGY:- * Deontological, or
References: - http://www.character-ethics.org/articles/absolutesandrelativisim.htm http://www.allaboutphilosophy.org/ethical-relativism-faq.htm http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090910042540AAAOwSO http://atheism.about.com/od/ethicalsystems/a/Deontological.htm http://www.allaboutphilosophy.org/ethical-relativism-faq.htm http://www.csrnyc.com/philosophicalbaseofcsr/fourtypesofethics.html http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/ethicalrelativism.html http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-virtue/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue_ethics