Individuals and Groups
Individuals and Groups 8.2
The individual:
Factors that contribute to an individual’s development:
Self-esteem: How an individual feels about themselves in terms of worth or value. Self-esteem is often referred to as being ‘high’ or ‘low’.
Self-confidence: How likely we are to feel ready to take on challenges.
Self-actualisation: takes many years for an adult to achieve, it is satisfying all need to a certain level.
Peers: individuals of similar age. Being accepted by peers satisfies a human need to belong and be accepted. Peer groups provide security for individuals to develop within. Heredity: Passed from one generation to the next via genes. Can influence development in areas such as intelligence and personality.
Reasons for group formation:
- Location
- Gender
- Shared interest/common goal
- Security
- Sexuality
- Specific need
- Social interaction
- Culture
- Other
Types of groups:
Primary: Also known as 1st groups include the family, they are personal relationships and interaction between members is intimate.
Secondary: Include family acquaintances and others. Interaction is more superficial and communication is based on the importance of skills.
Temporary: Form and dissolve as goals are identified and achieved e.g. TAFE course running for 6 weeks then finishing.
Permanent: Have strong ties that enable them to exist over time e.g. family
Formal: Have specific tasks and responsibilities e.g. schools, sports
Informal: Occur naturally in response to the need for social contact, or through shared interests e.g. mother group, child play
Roles, Relationships and Tasks within Groups:
Characteristics of group members:
Task-oriented: Place emphasis on the task and what is required to get the job done. Task-oriented members brainstorm, judge, expert, representative, implementer, chairperson, secretary.
Socio-emotional: Concerned with the well-being of the group and include peacemakers, encouragers, advocates or negotiators and tensions
The individual:
Factors that contribute to an individual’s development:
Self-esteem: How an individual feels about themselves in terms of worth or value. Self-esteem is often referred to as being ‘high’ or ‘low’.
Self-confidence: How likely we are to feel ready to take on challenges.
Self-actualisation: takes many years for an adult to achieve, it is satisfying all need to a certain level.
Peers: individuals of similar age. Being accepted by peers satisfies a human need to belong and be accepted. Peer groups provide security for individuals to develop within. Heredity: Passed from one generation to the next via genes. Can influence development in areas such as intelligence and personality.
Reasons for group formation:
- Location
- Gender
- Shared interest/common goal
- Security
- Sexuality
- Specific need
- Social interaction
- Culture
- Other
Types of groups:
Primary: Also known as 1st groups include the family, they are personal relationships and interaction between members is intimate.
Secondary: Include family acquaintances and others. Interaction is more superficial and communication is based on the importance of skills.
Temporary: Form and dissolve as goals are identified and achieved e.g. TAFE course running for 6 weeks then finishing.
Permanent: Have strong ties that enable them to exist over time e.g. family
Formal: Have specific tasks and responsibilities e.g. schools, sports
Informal: Occur naturally in response to the need for social contact, or through shared interests e.g. mother group, child play
Roles, Relationships and Tasks within Groups:
Characteristics of group members:
Task-oriented: Place emphasis on the task and what is required to get the job done. Task-oriented members brainstorm, judge, expert, representative, implementer, chairperson, secretary.
Socio-emotional: Concerned with the well-being of the group and include peacemakers, encouragers, advocates or negotiators and tensions