Human Experimentation in Research
Human Experimentation in Research Student Name:
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Throughout our history, research has been an important and vital area in our development as a species. Research has touched almost every aspect in human life in one way or another. It has helped us to make great improvements in our daily lives, while searching for solutions to improve the health and wellbeing of the human race. The secretive research experimentation on unsuspecting humans has been performed throughout our history. Even though the consequences of such practices were often fatal and with prolonged effects to the subjects, knowledge was obtained through this type of research. Researchers who engage in such experimentation overlook the end importance of the research, which is to enhance human development. These methods of gaining knowledge, breach ethical conducts for the gain of the researchers. Promoting ethical preservation in this field and use of strict punishment to the violators of the ethics in research should be a priority. In the 1900, a small group of American doctors did unethical experiments on prisoners in the Philippines. Five prisoners were chosen to infect with the bubonic plague. They also infected another group of twenty nine prisoners with beriberi. These experiments were just as unethical as any other experimentation done on human beings. These prisoners were imprisoned targets for the American doctors who chose to use them as lab rats. The United States of America was the first country to begin a program of forced sterilization. This idea was to try and control certain races. The plan was to sterilize those with mental illnesses, vision and hearing impaired, individuals with leprosy or other deformities. It is believed that Native and African American women were sterilized unknowingly while hospitalized. In 1897, Michigan introduced a forced sterilization bill which was never passed, but in 1905 a similar bill was passed in
Course:
Lecturer:
Due Date:
Throughout our history, research has been an important and vital area in our development as a species. Research has touched almost every aspect in human life in one way or another. It has helped us to make great improvements in our daily lives, while searching for solutions to improve the health and wellbeing of the human race. The secretive research experimentation on unsuspecting humans has been performed throughout our history. Even though the consequences of such practices were often fatal and with prolonged effects to the subjects, knowledge was obtained through this type of research. Researchers who engage in such experimentation overlook the end importance of the research, which is to enhance human development. These methods of gaining knowledge, breach ethical conducts for the gain of the researchers. Promoting ethical preservation in this field and use of strict punishment to the violators of the ethics in research should be a priority. In the 1900, a small group of American doctors did unethical experiments on prisoners in the Philippines. Five prisoners were chosen to infect with the bubonic plague. They also infected another group of twenty nine prisoners with beriberi. These experiments were just as unethical as any other experimentation done on human beings. These prisoners were imprisoned targets for the American doctors who chose to use them as lab rats. The United States of America was the first country to begin a program of forced sterilization. This idea was to try and control certain races. The plan was to sterilize those with mental illnesses, vision and hearing impaired, individuals with leprosy or other deformities. It is believed that Native and African American women were sterilized unknowingly while hospitalized. In 1897, Michigan introduced a forced sterilization bill which was never passed, but in 1905 a similar bill was passed in
Cited: Cina, Stephen J. and Joshua A. Perper. When Doctors Kill. New York: Springer, 2010. Goliszek, Andrew. In The Name of Science. New York: St. Martin 's Press, 2003. Halpern, Sydney A. Lesser Harms: The Morality of Risk in Medical Research.Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Moreno, Jonathan D. Undue Risk: Secret State Experiments on Humans. New York: Psychology Press, 2001. Otterman, Michael. American torture: from the Cold War to Abu Ghraib and beyond. Melbourne: Melbourne Univ. Publishing, 2007. Perni, Holliston. A Heritage of Hypocrisy. CA: Pleasant Mount Press, 2005. Washington, Harriet A. Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present. London: Random House,