Dryuio
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background and Objectives
1.1.1. Background
In developing countries like ours Grid power is either inadequate or unavailable in the remote and inac move the need for long and inefficient transmission lines. If a suitable water source is available nearby, Micro-hydro is one of the reasonable and cost effective energy technologies to be considered for rural electrification. Hydroelectric systems having capacity of 100kW or smaller are considered as Micro-hydro power. It allows the utilization of hydroelectric potential of small rivers without any significant costs on dams and civil structures. It is generally of run of river type.
Micro-hydro has been playing significant role in providing electricity to the local communities in remote areas. Generally synchronous generators are used for the generation purpose in these Micro-hydro plants. In any power system it is required that the voltage and frequency of the system remains within the limits. But in case of Micro-hydro system there appears a common problem; with different loads used by the consumers there is fluctuation in the turbine speed and hence the frequency generated by the generator which causes adverse affect in various electrical appliances. So in order to control the voltage of synchronous generator, its excitation is controlled; whereas the frequency can be controlled either by controlling of value of mechanical power input to the generator or by varying the electrical load. Mechanical power input can be controlled by a control system known as Mechanical Governor. It operates as a valve on the turbine inlet that can be closed to restrict the flow of water (and therefore the power) going into the turbine to match the current electrical loading. But this method of frequency control is expensive for Micro-hydro system and also its response is slow. So this method is not adopted for micro-hydro system. So, for the control of the frequency in a micro-hydro system an Electronic Load
1.1 Background and Objectives
1.1.1. Background
In developing countries like ours Grid power is either inadequate or unavailable in the remote and inac move the need for long and inefficient transmission lines. If a suitable water source is available nearby, Micro-hydro is one of the reasonable and cost effective energy technologies to be considered for rural electrification. Hydroelectric systems having capacity of 100kW or smaller are considered as Micro-hydro power. It allows the utilization of hydroelectric potential of small rivers without any significant costs on dams and civil structures. It is generally of run of river type.
Micro-hydro has been playing significant role in providing electricity to the local communities in remote areas. Generally synchronous generators are used for the generation purpose in these Micro-hydro plants. In any power system it is required that the voltage and frequency of the system remains within the limits. But in case of Micro-hydro system there appears a common problem; with different loads used by the consumers there is fluctuation in the turbine speed and hence the frequency generated by the generator which causes adverse affect in various electrical appliances. So in order to control the voltage of synchronous generator, its excitation is controlled; whereas the frequency can be controlled either by controlling of value of mechanical power input to the generator or by varying the electrical load. Mechanical power input can be controlled by a control system known as Mechanical Governor. It operates as a valve on the turbine inlet that can be closed to restrict the flow of water (and therefore the power) going into the turbine to match the current electrical loading. But this method of frequency control is expensive for Micro-hydro system and also its response is slow. So this method is not adopted for micro-hydro system. So, for the control of the frequency in a micro-hydro system an Electronic Load
References: http://ludens.cl/ H. Ludens. (2010, Electronic Load Controller for micro-hydro system. A. Doig, "Off-grid Electricity for Developing Countries," IEEE Review, pp. 25-28, 1999. S. S. Murthy, Rini Jose and Bhim Singh, “A Practical load controller for stand alone small hydro systems using self excited induction generator,” in IEEE Proc. of PEDES for Industrial Growth, pp. 359-364, Dec. 1998 J. B. Ekanayake, “Induction generators for small hydro schemes,” Power Engineering Journal, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 61-67, Apr. 2002 www.microhydro webportal.com