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Die Römische Republik

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Die Römische Republik
Die römische Republik (510v.Chr-45v.Chr)

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Die Verfassung der römischen Republik

Ausdehnung der Macht über Italien (Italischer Bund)

Ständekämpfe

Die Punischen Kriege

1. Punischer Krieg 2. Punischer Krieg 3. Punischer Krieg

Die Verwaltung des Mittelmeerreiches

Soziale Unruhen

Die Gracchen

Das Ende der Republik

Alleinherrschaft Sullas

Sklavenaufstand

Das erste Triumvirat

Caesars Weg zur Alleinherrschaft Der Bürgerkrieg

Die römische Republik (510v.Chr-45v.Chr)

Die Stadt Rom, gegründet 753 v.Chr., wurde bis 510 v.Chr. von insgesamt sieben etruskischen Königen beherrscht, deren letzter, Tarquinius Superbus, nach einer Adelsrevolte vertrieben wurde. Obwohl die 243 Jahre andauernde Etruskerherrschaft damit ein Ende fand, übernahmen die Römer vieles von ihnen, darunter auch weite Teile der Verfassung.

Die Verfassung der römischen Republik römische Wölfin mit Romulus und Remus

Die Verfassung der römischen Republik ist erst allmählich entstanden. Ihre Ursprünge gehen auf die etruskische Königszeit zurück und nach der Umwandlung des römischen Staates in eine Republik wurden die bewährten Einrichtungen beibehalten, das Amt des Staatsoberhaupts wurde jedoch auf zwei Konsuln übertragen und es wurden weitere Magistrate hinzugefügt. Alle Magistrate waren ehrenamtlich, daher mussten die Amtsinhaber über entsprechende Privatvermögen verfügen. Um eine Machtkonzentration zu verhindern, setzte man auf die Prinzipien der Annuität (Wahl für nur ein Jahr) und Kollegialität (je zwei Amtsinhaber). Weiters durften mehrerer Ämter nicht gleichzeitig bekleidet werden (Kumulationsverbot) und die Wiederholung eines Amtes war nicht erlaubt (Iterationsverbot), außer das Konsulat, das nach 10 Jahren wieder bekleidet werden durfte.
Es gab eine fix vorgeschrieben Ämterlaufbahn (cursus honorum). Am Anfang stand das Amt des Quästors, das erst mit einem Alter von 31 Jahren

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