Diabetes Insipidus
Mariah Stoeckman
Diabetes Insipidus
1. Describe the mechanism by which normal fluid regulation in the body occurs? The kidneys remove extra body fluids in the bloodstream; this waste is stored in the bladder. If the fluid regulations system is working right the kidneys will make less urine to save your body’s fluids so you don’t become dehydrated.
2. What is considered to be excessive thirst and urination in an adult? Excessive thirst is the intake of more than one gallon of fluid per day. Excessive urination is more than 3.5 liters for a 150lb person.
3. List and briefly describe the four types of diabetes insipidus.
1. Central DI, the most common form, results from damage to the pituitary gland. This disrupts the normal storage and release of ADH. 2. Nephrogenic DI occurs when the kidneys are unable to respond to ADH.
3. Dipsogenic DI is caused by a defect in or damage to the thirst mechanism. This can result in an increase in thirst and fluid intake that suppresses ADH secretion and increases urine output.
4. Gestational DI only occurs during pregnancy. It occurs when the enzyme made by the placenta destroys ADH in the mother
4. How is pituitary diabetes insipidus diagnosed? A physical and chemical examination of the urine called a urinalysis can be done. Someone with DI will have less concentrated urine. The salt and water concentrations would be low and the amount of water excreted would be high. Another test that can be done is a fluid deprivation test. This will help determine what that specific persons DI is caused by. This test measures urine output, changes in body weight, and urine composition when fluids are withheld. Some patients may require and MRI of the brain as well.
5. In what ways is diabetes insipidus similar to diabetes mellitus? In what ways do they differ? The two diseases are only similar in their signs and symptoms, both causing excessive thirst and urinations. The two diseases are not
Diabetes Insipidus
1. Describe the mechanism by which normal fluid regulation in the body occurs? The kidneys remove extra body fluids in the bloodstream; this waste is stored in the bladder. If the fluid regulations system is working right the kidneys will make less urine to save your body’s fluids so you don’t become dehydrated.
2. What is considered to be excessive thirst and urination in an adult? Excessive thirst is the intake of more than one gallon of fluid per day. Excessive urination is more than 3.5 liters for a 150lb person.
3. List and briefly describe the four types of diabetes insipidus.
1. Central DI, the most common form, results from damage to the pituitary gland. This disrupts the normal storage and release of ADH. 2. Nephrogenic DI occurs when the kidneys are unable to respond to ADH.
3. Dipsogenic DI is caused by a defect in or damage to the thirst mechanism. This can result in an increase in thirst and fluid intake that suppresses ADH secretion and increases urine output.
4. Gestational DI only occurs during pregnancy. It occurs when the enzyme made by the placenta destroys ADH in the mother
4. How is pituitary diabetes insipidus diagnosed? A physical and chemical examination of the urine called a urinalysis can be done. Someone with DI will have less concentrated urine. The salt and water concentrations would be low and the amount of water excreted would be high. Another test that can be done is a fluid deprivation test. This will help determine what that specific persons DI is caused by. This test measures urine output, changes in body weight, and urine composition when fluids are withheld. Some patients may require and MRI of the brain as well.
5. In what ways is diabetes insipidus similar to diabetes mellitus? In what ways do they differ? The two diseases are only similar in their signs and symptoms, both causing excessive thirst and urinations. The two diseases are not
Bibliography: "National Kidney and Urologic DiseasesInformation Clearinghouse (NKUDIC)." Diabetes Insipidus. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2013. <http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/insipidus/>. This is a creditable source because the information is coming from the US department of health. Staff, Mayo Clinic. "Definition." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 14 Mar. 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2013. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/diabetes-insipidus/DS00799>. This is creditable information because it is coming from the Mayo Clinic. Tortora, Gerard J., and Bryan Derrickson. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2009. Print. This is a creditable book because it is the book I am studying out of for school.