Determining the Concentration of Ethanoic Acid
1.0 Aim
The purpose of this experiment is to use Volumetric Analysis to determine the concentration of acetic acid in white vinegar.
2.0 Theory
The concentration is a measurement of relative amounts of solute and solvent. There are many diverse ways of expressing concentration but the most accepted and widely used is molar concentration and regularly referred to as molarity which is defined in mole, the amount of solute dissolved in one litre of solution.
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In this experiment there are solutions used with accurately known concentrations called standard solutions. The reaction of chemicals in the atmosphere and decomposition of them are the causes for many chemicals to be tainted or impure. This also means that common strong acids and bases cannot be made directly into standard solutions.
The amount of a certain type of substance, in mole that can be calculated accurately from their mass are called primary standards due its purity. Primary standards should be always readily obtainable in pure form. It also should also have a known formula and be simple to put away without deteriorating or reacting with the atmosphere. It is also preferable that the substance have a high molar mass in order to decrease the effect of errors in weighing. A primary standard can be used to prepare a standard solution by making up an accurately known volume of solution by means of dissolving an accurately known mass in it. Volumetric flasks are used to obtain the precise volumes of solutions.
A way that is quite widespread for finding an unknown concentration is by using a procedure called volumetric analysis. The procedure grips together through reaction of a measured volume of a standard solution with a measured volume of the standard solution of unknown concentration. Essentially, the solutions are combined until they have just reacted entirely. This method is recognized as performing a titration. In general, the features of acid-base titrations has one of the
The purpose of this experiment is to use Volumetric Analysis to determine the concentration of acetic acid in white vinegar.
2.0 Theory
The concentration is a measurement of relative amounts of solute and solvent. There are many diverse ways of expressing concentration but the most accepted and widely used is molar concentration and regularly referred to as molarity which is defined in mole, the amount of solute dissolved in one litre of solution.
[pic]
In this experiment there are solutions used with accurately known concentrations called standard solutions. The reaction of chemicals in the atmosphere and decomposition of them are the causes for many chemicals to be tainted or impure. This also means that common strong acids and bases cannot be made directly into standard solutions.
The amount of a certain type of substance, in mole that can be calculated accurately from their mass are called primary standards due its purity. Primary standards should be always readily obtainable in pure form. It also should also have a known formula and be simple to put away without deteriorating or reacting with the atmosphere. It is also preferable that the substance have a high molar mass in order to decrease the effect of errors in weighing. A primary standard can be used to prepare a standard solution by making up an accurately known volume of solution by means of dissolving an accurately known mass in it. Volumetric flasks are used to obtain the precise volumes of solutions.
A way that is quite widespread for finding an unknown concentration is by using a procedure called volumetric analysis. The procedure grips together through reaction of a measured volume of a standard solution with a measured volume of the standard solution of unknown concentration. Essentially, the solutions are combined until they have just reacted entirely. This method is recognized as performing a titration. In general, the features of acid-base titrations has one of the
Bibliography: Commons, Chris and others 2003, Heinemann Chemistry two 3rd Edition, Malcolm Parsons, Singapore Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Standard, 2005, CD ROM, Microsoft Corporation, U.S.A Viewed 17th September < http://www.avogadro.co.uk/chemeqm/acidbase/titration/phcurves.htm> Viewed 17th September ----------------------- [pic]