To arrange and prepare a visit to a local park with Nursery children is not as straight forward as it may sound. There are policies, guidelines and agreed principles to follow throughout the nursery in order to ensure the safety of the children but with careful planning, functional communication with other staff members/volunteers combined with co-operative working will be a good team work effort, so all children will have the maximum opportunity to experience and explore the new environment, to socialize and have fun and this would be done as followed;…
The perceived pitch of a sound is just the ear's response to frequency, i.e., for most practical purposes the pitch is just the frequency. (“Pitch,” n.d.) Humans perceive sound more or less the same depending on how good a person can hear. High frequencies are generally produced by smaller objects such as small instruments, objects or even small animals, eg. kittens. Low frequencies are generally produced by larger objects such as large objects, instruments, eg. bass drum, or even bigger animals such as the elephant. In a similar way, our brain perceives high frequencies as “happy”, “exciting” or “lively” noises. Lower frequencies are perceived as “dark”, “sad” or depressed noises. The human brain finds high frequency melodies more attractive or better to listen to. At the same time, too many high frequencies can cause one to be annoyed. The average fundamental frequency for a typical baby is about three hundred to four hundred Hertz.(Lewis & Reserved, n.d.) Humans naturally find those frequencies annoying so that they can hear a baby when it cries. A good melody consists of a harmonic sequence. In music theory, a harmonic sequence is a series of music notes which have different pitches. If a person hears a melody consisting of high and low frequencies the brain recognizes which frequency dominates the song which activates a chain reaction in which your brain releases certain hormones which causes a mood or emotion. Soothing tunes foster the release of serotonin, a hormone that fosters happiness and a general sense of well-being. It also flushes the body with dopamine, a neurotransmitter that makes you feel…
1. Recognize the stressor: You need to know the issue causing you stress or identify what needs to be done to help with the stressor…
“Rethinking Genre from a Sociocognitive Perspective” by Carol Berkenkotter and Thomas N. Huckin discusses genre theory. Berkenkotter and Huckin claim genres help professionals communicate with their peers, and genre knowledge is essential to professional success. The authors discuss their thesis statement, support their argument with several years of research, as well as identify five general principles of genre theory. Berkenkotter and Huckin acknowledge their work is not a fully developed sociocognitive theory of genre. However, they support their argument with a synthesis of the evidence. Their five principles of genre theory include dynamism, situatedness, form and content, the duality of structure, and community ownership. The conclusion…
Pasi, M., Salvadori, E., Poggesi, A., Inzitari, D., & Pantoni, L. (2013). Factors predicting the montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) applicability and performances in a stroke unit. Journal of Neurology, 260(6), 1518–1526. doi: 10.1007/s00415-012-6819-5.…
Given that these processes cannot be quantified, cognitive psychologists use behavioral studies, most times in the usage of carrying out tasks, to calculate an individual’s performance in particular situations helping the understanding of the mental process. From Classical conditioning, Operant conditioning, even to Experimental cognitive psychology. These all and some play a part in the what, where, and how of cognitive…
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy will be utilized for the Bully Survival Support Group in that it focuses on the connection between an individual’s thoughts, feelings and behavior. The group facilitator presumes that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy will allow for the students to express their feelings/emotions, increase self-esteem, learn coping skills, as well as reduce anxiety, fear of attending school and other negative emotions associated with their experiences.…
Beck, A. (1952). Successful outpatient psychotherapy of a chronic schizophrenic with a delusion based on borrowed guilt. Psychiatry, 15, 305-312.…
Chapter 7 speaks of memory, the function of short term/long term memory, and the way we encode/retrieve information. “Memory is the mental capacity to encode, store and retrieve information.” (Gerrig 196) In this chapter I found that within working memory there are four components within working memory, a phonological loop, a visual spatial sketchpad, the central executive and the episodic buffer. Before I continue to explain each component, I’d like to first explain what working memory is. “Working memory is a memory source that is used to accomplish tasks such as reasoning and language comprehension; consists of the 4 components.” (Gerrig 203)…
Because of how stressful the life of an average American is, these researchers wanted to test food to determine if there was cognitive enhancing characteristics that benefit people who eat that food. The food that they decided to test was essence of chicken (EOC), an aqueous chicken extract. EOC consists of proteins, amino acids, and peptides such as carnosine and anserine. It is believed that EOC enhances learning, memory, and executive function. In order to determine whether or not this is true, researchers gave healthy subjects either a placebo pill, or a pill containing CMI-168, an ingredient in chicken.…
Abstract concepts, “a theoretical set of processes and representations that are useful in explaining some data”…
Sigmund Freud asserts that the human mind contains three psychic zones. Robert Stevenson’s novella, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, contains both conscious and unconscious minds. Mr. Hyde is a man whose body image represents an animal, he acts as if he were an animal; he trampled a young girl who was running in his path. During this event his mind is totally submerged in the unconscious. Freud referrers to this as the “pleasure principle”. The id is “totally lacking in rational logic since mutually contradictory impulses may exist simultaneously and not cancel out each other”. The id knows no ethics or values, no good or evil; it encompasses no morality. Mr. Hyde has no conscious and acted out of pleasure without knowing it.…
The social world refers to 'the self, other people and interactions with other people. ' (The Open University, 2016a) A large portion of psychological research questions the reasons people interact with their social world in the ways that they do, and seeks to better understand human relationships. To what extent does current research withing psychological disciplines succeed in explaining the phenomena and reasons for human interaction with the social world as it currently is? This assignment will explore current research and explore the relevance and validity when considering the question of human interaction with the self and others.…
The first discrete, intentionally therapeutic approach to Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) to be developed was Rational Emotive Therapy (RET), which was originated by Albert Ellis, Ph.D. in the mid-1950's. Ellis developed his approach in reaction to his disliking of the in-efficient and in-directive nature of Psychoanalysis. The philosophic origins of RET go back to the Stoic philosophers, including Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius. Epictetus wrote in The Enchiridion, "Men are disturbed not by things, but by the view which they take of them." The modern psychotherapist most influential to the development of RET was Alfred Adler (who developed Individual Psychology). Adler, a neo-Freudian, stated, "I am convinced that a person's behavior springs from his ideas." Ellis was also influenced by behaviorists, such as John Dollard, Neal Miller, and Joseph Wolpe, and George Kelly (psychology of personal constructs).…
Kirwan, B., and Ainsworth, L.K. (Eds.) (1993). A guide to task analysis. Taylor & Francis…