Classical Liberalism V. Neo-Realist Vs. Structural Realism

Topic: Classical Realism [v/s] Neo-realism/Structural Realism
Introduction:
Since the early ages, thinkers and analysts have tried to understand the relation between the states at an international level. Moreover, that it led to the formation of a discipline in the 20th century, known, as International Relations (IR). Though, it was considered a discrete academic field within political science, till the year 1919. Year 1919, saw the emergence of International Relations as a formal academic discipline with the founding of the first ‘chair’(professorship) in IR- the Woodrow Wilson Chair at Aberystwyth, University of Wales(now Aberystwyth University), from an endowment given by David Davies, became the first academic position dedicated to IR.
Idealism focuses on morality, international organisation and laws, instead of just focussing on power, when it comes to international relations. Idealists believe that human nature is intrinsically good. They view the international system as a whole communion of states that have the capability of working together to overcome shared problems. The idealists were mainly active during the 1st n 2nd World War.
After the 1st World War, the then U.S. President, Woodrow Wilson, put in his efforts in the making of the League of Nations. But, the idea was disapproved by the U.S. Senate, leading to the inefficiency of the League of Nations. The passiveness of U.S. between the wars, along with the fall of the British regime, and Russia suffering by its own internal wounds of the revolution, left a power vacuum in world politics, which, was filled by Germany and Japan in the 1930s. Britain and France agreed in 1938 to let Germany occupy parts of Czechoslovakia, as a policy of appeasement. The policy of appeasement backfired and ended up encouraging Hitler’s further conquests. After the end of both the World Wars, the realists blamed the liberals/idealists. They said, that instead of focussing on what ‘ought to be’, one needs to pay heed on how it ‘really is’. Hence, after the end of World War 2, the realists set out to understand the factors of power politics
The structure is defined by the principle of its organisation, then by the unitary actors, and by the distribution of capabilities (here, power) amongst them. The absence of a central authority, which leads to a state of anarchy, is the major principle for Waltz in the international sphere. The units of this system are the states. He recognizes the existence of non-state actors, but, does not take them into consideration. Since all states primary objective is survival, and anarchy leads to a system in which each state has to take care of itself, there exists no division of labour. However, they are functionally similar, yet vary in the power they represent for carrying out the same