Chemical Influences
Experiment 12
Influences of Molecular Shape and Intermolecular Forces on Physical Properties
By
Hannah Kloss
Chemistry 112L- 01 --- Eric Boakye
November 10, 2014
Physical properties are properties that can be measured and seen in an object. An example of a physical property of an object would be the color, mass, solubility, volume, or the polarity of an object. A physical property can change the appearance of an object, but that does not mean that the chemical composition has to change. The chemical composition can remain the same. Physical properties are separated into two different categories. They are separated in to intrinsic properties and extrinsic properties. Extrinsic properties rely on the amount of material …show more content…
A liquid with a high viscosity will not be able to flow well. For example, syrup or molasses both flow very slowly so they would have a high viscosity. Liquids such as water or alcohol would have a low viscosity because they flow very easily. Intermolecular forces that affect the molecules shape and composition will directly affect the viscosity of the molecule. An example of this can be observed between ethyl alcohol and ethyl glycol. Ethyl glycol has two more O-H groups than ethyl alcohol. The extra O-H groups effect the amount of hydrogen bonds in the ethyl glycol molecule. The ethyl glycol has more hydrogen bonds than ethyl alcohol. This gives the ethyl glycol molecule a higher viscosity than the ethyl alcohol molecule. Both kinetic energy and temperature can affect a molecule’s viscosity. When the temperature of a molecule is raised, the kinetic energy is also raised. When kinetic energy increases, molecules are more easily overcome by the forces that held the molecule together. This results in a decrease in viscosity. Viscosity is also affected by molecular shape. This is exemplified when n-pentane is compared to octadecane. Octadecane’s viscosity is higher than the viscosity of n-pentane. This is because octadecane’s molecules are irregularly shaped and disproportionate. The irregular shape and octadecane being disproportionate lead to octadecane being larger than n-pentane. This results in a higher viscosity. Also octadecane shares more intermolecular forces with the molecules surrounding it than with n-pentane. This also leads to octadecane having a higher viscosity than
Influences of Molecular Shape and Intermolecular Forces on Physical Properties
By
Hannah Kloss
Chemistry 112L- 01 --- Eric Boakye
November 10, 2014
Physical properties are properties that can be measured and seen in an object. An example of a physical property of an object would be the color, mass, solubility, volume, or the polarity of an object. A physical property can change the appearance of an object, but that does not mean that the chemical composition has to change. The chemical composition can remain the same. Physical properties are separated into two different categories. They are separated in to intrinsic properties and extrinsic properties. Extrinsic properties rely on the amount of material …show more content…
A liquid with a high viscosity will not be able to flow well. For example, syrup or molasses both flow very slowly so they would have a high viscosity. Liquids such as water or alcohol would have a low viscosity because they flow very easily. Intermolecular forces that affect the molecules shape and composition will directly affect the viscosity of the molecule. An example of this can be observed between ethyl alcohol and ethyl glycol. Ethyl glycol has two more O-H groups than ethyl alcohol. The extra O-H groups effect the amount of hydrogen bonds in the ethyl glycol molecule. The ethyl glycol has more hydrogen bonds than ethyl alcohol. This gives the ethyl glycol molecule a higher viscosity than the ethyl alcohol molecule. Both kinetic energy and temperature can affect a molecule’s viscosity. When the temperature of a molecule is raised, the kinetic energy is also raised. When kinetic energy increases, molecules are more easily overcome by the forces that held the molecule together. This results in a decrease in viscosity. Viscosity is also affected by molecular shape. This is exemplified when n-pentane is compared to octadecane. Octadecane’s viscosity is higher than the viscosity of n-pentane. This is because octadecane’s molecules are irregularly shaped and disproportionate. The irregular shape and octadecane being disproportionate lead to octadecane being larger than n-pentane. This results in a higher viscosity. Also octadecane shares more intermolecular forces with the molecules surrounding it than with n-pentane. This also leads to octadecane having a higher viscosity than