Causation of Articulation Disorder
CAUSATION OF ARTICULATION DISORDER IN CHILDREN.
USING OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL PATIENTS AS CASE STUDY.
BEING A PROPOSAL FOR A LONG ESSAY
SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
AND LITERARY STUDIES, FACULTY OF ARTS,
OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, ILE- IFE, OSUN STATE,
NIGERIA.
BY
HAASTRUP CHRISTOPHER FOLA
EGL/2008/135
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ARTS (B.A.) DEGREE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
1.0 Introduction 3
1.2 Statement of problem 4
1.3 Aim and objectives 4
1.4 Definition of Terms 5
1.5 Literature review 5
1.6 Research Methodology 7
1.7 Chapter Outline 8
1.8 Expected Contribution to knowledge 9
1.9 Summary and Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In psycholinguistics, speech disorder involves difficulty with and /or slowness in the development of speech. The term ‘Speech sound disorder (s)’ is an umbrella heading under which there are several sub-categories that include Articulation disorder, Phonological disorder and Childhood apraxia. However, we will centre our concentration on articulation disorder in children.
Webster’s Dictionary gives one definition for articulate as; “to produce a speech sound by the movement of the organs of speech.” Articulation refers to the movement of the speech mechanisms (tongue, lips, larynx, teeth, hard palate, velum [so air escapes through nose only when appropriate], jaw, nose, and mouth) to produce speech. If any of these mechanisms are not working properly, weak, damaged, malformed, or out of sync with the rest, then a speech disorder may be classified as an articulation disorder. Articulation impairment: inability to produce a perceptually acceptable version of particular phonemes, either in isolation or in any phonetic context. Children may consistently produce a specific distortion (e.g. lateral lisp) or
USING OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL PATIENTS AS CASE STUDY.
BEING A PROPOSAL FOR A LONG ESSAY
SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
AND LITERARY STUDIES, FACULTY OF ARTS,
OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, ILE- IFE, OSUN STATE,
NIGERIA.
BY
HAASTRUP CHRISTOPHER FOLA
EGL/2008/135
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ARTS (B.A.) DEGREE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
1.0 Introduction 3
1.2 Statement of problem 4
1.3 Aim and objectives 4
1.4 Definition of Terms 5
1.5 Literature review 5
1.6 Research Methodology 7
1.7 Chapter Outline 8
1.8 Expected Contribution to knowledge 9
1.9 Summary and Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In psycholinguistics, speech disorder involves difficulty with and /or slowness in the development of speech. The term ‘Speech sound disorder (s)’ is an umbrella heading under which there are several sub-categories that include Articulation disorder, Phonological disorder and Childhood apraxia. However, we will centre our concentration on articulation disorder in children.
Webster’s Dictionary gives one definition for articulate as; “to produce a speech sound by the movement of the organs of speech.” Articulation refers to the movement of the speech mechanisms (tongue, lips, larynx, teeth, hard palate, velum [so air escapes through nose only when appropriate], jaw, nose, and mouth) to produce speech. If any of these mechanisms are not working properly, weak, damaged, malformed, or out of sync with the rest, then a speech disorder may be classified as an articulation disorder. Articulation impairment: inability to produce a perceptually acceptable version of particular phonemes, either in isolation or in any phonetic context. Children may consistently produce a specific distortion (e.g. lateral lisp) or
Bibliography: BISHOP, Dorothy, MOGFORD, Kay. 1988. Language Development in Exceptional Circumstances. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1988. BRODY, Jane E. 13 Wednesday 10, 1992. Personal health. From New York Times, Health Section., http//:www. Pschycolopy.unn.ac.uk/adrew/pyola/py019.main.htm> downloaded 18/05/2012 CRYSTAL, David Curtis, J. F. (ed) (1978). Processes and disorder of human communication. London: Harper and Row Publishing Comapany DICKSON, Stanley (ed). 1974. Communication Disorders: Remedial Principles and Practice. Illinois: Scott Foresman, 1974. FIELD, John. 2003. Psycholinguistics: a Resource Book for Students. New York: Routledge, 2003. L. Oladipo Salami & Akinmade T. Akande. 2005. Aspects of the Grammar of the Spoken English of a Yoruba Stroke Patient. A published international jornal. Aspects of Intervention. London: Longman, 1993. MCLAUGHLIN, Scott. 1998. Introduction to Language Development. London: Singular Publishing Group, 1998. Napoli, D.J. (1996). Linguistics: An introduction, new York and Oxford : OUP Sommerstein, A.H.(1977), Modern Phonology, London: Edward Arnolds STEINBERG, Danny D. 1993. An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. England: Longman, 1993. WHITNEY, Paul. 1998. The Psychology of Language. Boston: Houghton, 1998.22222222