Preview

Bay of Pigs: Historiography

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
845 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Bay of Pigs: Historiography
Michael Wolf
ENC1101
Dr. Brown
July, 08, 2013

The Bay of Pigs

On April, 17, 1961 the Bay of Pigs, the biggest foreign affairs disaster in U.S. history, occurred. At first the operation was supported but as the years went by the feelings of it changed, showing mostly in the policy changes of the some of the presidents over the next 49 years.
June 24 1961 reporter Stewart Alsop published an article in the Saturday Evening Post titled “The Lessons of the Cuban Disaster.” In this article Alsop describes what happened at the Bay of Pigs and why though it supported at the operations launch, and how such a short time later it was viewed as a disaster. Alsop explains how he interviewed several officials in Washington and how they supported the operations at its conception but in hindsight view the operation as a failure. These officials in turn told the Alsop that there are several key lessons to learn from this debacle. One such is stated in the article as “The men responsible for mounting a major covert operation like the Cuban landings must not also be responsible for judging the operation’s chance of success or failure”(Alsop p.27).

Alsop wrote this article in the wake of the Bay of Pigs, he views the operation the same as though he interviewed, necessary at the time but in hindsight a failure. In this article he goes over how some of the top officials in Washington admit that they supported it in the beginning., but in the end deemed it a failure.

In this article “Beyond the Bay of Pigs” published by Peter Kornbluh in The Nation on
April 27, 1998, Kornbluh discusses his views on how the military’s opinion of the crisis changed and now does not view Cuba as a threat. Within this article he discusses several points on why these views have changed as well as points out some of the mistakes that were made during this time. One of these mistakes quoted as “the loss of the operations covert nature back to November 1960-the month that this

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Powerful Essays

    Vanderbroucke, S. Lucine; Anatomy of a failure: The Decision to Land at the Bay of Pigs; Political Science Quarterly Vol99 No.3 (Autumn 1984), pp471-491. The Academy of Political Science.…

    • 3090 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Schweikart and Allen claim Kennedy failed in many areas, most notably how he handled Cuba and Vietnam. They criticize the Bay of Pigs incident, in which he suddenly withdrew support from Cuban exiles rebelling against Castro (Schweikart and Allen 699-700). In addition, Schweikart and Allen also say that “when, after the disastrous decade-long Vietnam War resulted in public criticism and assignment of responsibility, Kennedy should have been at the top of the blame list” (Schweikart and Allen 705). However, this is not a fair interpretation of Kennedy,…

    • 1371 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    held belief that intervention in Cuba was a necessity to protect these very interests. The…

    • 1726 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    In 1961, President John F. Kennedy made the decision to authorize the CIA plan to attempt to overthrow the Castro administration. The approval of this invasion was a failure because approximately 1,400 Cuban exiles were killed or captured and damage to Kennedy’s political image during the Kennedy Administration. In this paper, by using Anderson’s decision-making framework, I will argue that the presence of deference and personal values of the individual process criteria and the presence of persuasion of the group process criteria led to Kennedy’s poor decision, which led to the failure of the Bay of Pigs attack. Individual Process Criteria The individual process criteria demonstrated that Kennedy’s decision to authorize the invasion of the Bay of Pigs was a failure.…

    • 1208 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    In 1961, John Fitzgerald Kennedy would continue Dwight D. Eisenhower’s plan for the bay of pigs invasion which would go on to fail as the Cuban exiles that the United States armed and trained would surrender within just 24 hours of battle. Following the bay of pigs invasion…

    • 461 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The intelligence community failed the American people in multiple ways that fateful day. Due to a lack of changing with the times, and adapting to the new and upcoming threats to our country adequate information was not disseminated to the personnel who required it most. These facts reach out to all the agencies that were involved to include the FBI, CIA, and military intelligence. Many of these facts repeat themselves in all the categories. The application of how and why the chain of events unfolded can be traced back to the end of the cold war.…

    • 458 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The Bay of Pigs invasion was an unsuccessful military attack of Cuba fueled by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group, Brigade 2506 on April 17th, 1961. The strategy was planned to takeover and overthrow Fidel Castro the leader of Cuba who was promoting communism. The invasion utterly failed and led to many problematic ties between The United States and Cuba as well as Cuba’s supporter the Soviet Union. Kennedy was quoted saying to an official within his administration: "I want to splinter the CIA into a thousand pieces and scatter it to the winds." One problem Kennedy had after the invasion was that he appeared pathetic and inexperienced. The CIA became aggravated with Kennedy’s lack of support for the invasion and blamed it as a major reason as to why the invasion failed. Kennedy’s frustration with the CIA left numerous people in the organization losing their jobs. For example, Allen Dulles who was the head of the CIA was forced to take blame of the mission, which led to his termination in 1961, and then replaced by John McCone.…

    • 1565 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    9/11 Research Paper

    • 925 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Thinking about the future of humankind and the basis of political association in the early years of the twenty-first century does not give grounds for optimism. In particular, 9/11 has become a moment associated with a return to empire, geopolitics, political violence and the primacy of sovereignty. Yet, it is easy to overstate the meaning of 9/11 and exaggerate from one set of historical experiences. In general, in International Politics there are a number of terms that are highly controversial.…

    • 925 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Tom Bernstein's Ground Zero

    • 2814 Words
    • 12 Pages

    Led by Mr. Bernstein, the group of individuals heading the project had made repeated claims of torture at Guantanamo Bay, and generally undermined the efforts the United States. The political biases of these men were profound and apparent in their careers and interests.…

    • 2814 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    In the 2009 Afghanistan surge, the “bargaining paradigm”, defined by Allen , best reflects President Obama’s decision making process by which he used the ethical lens of “deontology”, discussed by Shaw , as the moral compass of his decisions.…

    • 658 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    "I think everyone knew we were walking a very thin line."(Owen) Not many Americans know the truth that lies behind the Iran-Contra scandals. Most would be surprised to know about the deception of our leaders. Still today, some truth of Iran-Contra lies hidden in the conscience of the people who organized it, aided it, and went through with it. It started with good intentions, but soon was corrupted. Some may argue that we must do what we can to smother the flame of communism, but I believe that deception, abuse of power and bloodshed is no way to go about it.…

    • 1634 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The situation in Cuba before American intervention had always been precarious; Cuban rebels had continually opposed Spanish rule throughout the 19th Century, such was the animosity between the Cubans and Spanish that it culminated in the erection of some of the first Spanish concentration camps (reconcentrado). Dubbed “Butcher Weyler” by the American press, Spanish general Valeriano Weyler sought to curtail the uprisings, thus causing numerous deaths and epidemics among the Cuban inhabitants.[2] This onslaught erupted both the Cuban population and the American press into a fierce frenzy; American readers experienced a “battle of gigantic proportions” between two rival newspapers, (New York Journal and New York World), “in which the sufferings of Cuba merely chanced to furnish some of the most convenient ammunition”.[3] With so much public attention, the Cuban crisis became a great exhibition of jubilation; there was much desire for intervention in the affair. Said exaltation was further prompted by the events of February 15th 1898, when the battleship USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor killing 266 American sailors. Demands for war with…

    • 3183 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The invasion was a disaster, with the Cuban forces easily repelling the attack. The Bay of Pigs was a significant event in the Cold War, as it demonstrated the limits of US power and the determination of communist regimes to resist US…

    • 548 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    For thirteen days in October of 1962, the world lingered on the verge of a nuclear conflict of unparalleled proportions. In the eyes of those involved with the crisis every action seemed to flirt with disaster and beckon doomsday. The United States discovered the presence of Soviet missile silos in Cuba, capable of launching nuclear-tipped weaponry that could target much of the Eastern United States. President John F. Kennedy, under pressure from his advisors chose to order a naval “quarantine” of Cuba. He gambled that this maneuver would force the Soviets to end their missile shipments to Cuba yet not provoke the USSR to respond militarily. The world waited on edge as the Soviets and Americans drew closer to confrontation, hoping this…

    • 2042 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Characterizing the First World War as an epidemic of miscalculation, President John F. Kennedy pondered, “they somehow seemed to tumble into war … through stupidity, individual idiosyncrasies, misunderstandings, and personal complexes of inferiority and grandeur” (49). Reflecting upon these miscalculations, Robert F. Kennedy’s Thirteen Days documents the Cuban Missile Crisis and catalogues the President’s contemplative action amidst potential disaster. Considering the misjudgment that drove conflict in the early twentieth century, and the socio-technological paradigm shift of war, President Kennedy found remedy in the maintenance of open channels of external communication, while regarding the international domino effect of each action, and exhibiting constant skepticism in pursuit of a peaceful resolution.…

    • 1470 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays