NRC 261 Exam 2 Study Guide
Reading review questions for NRC 261 Exam 2 Spring 2014
From Krausman and Cain (2013)
Chapter 7 –Wildlife Population Dynamics
What does BIDE stand for? Know definitions of these terms, as well as for age structure and sex ratio. -BIDE = Births, Immigration, Deaths, and Emigration -Age Structure: refers to the proportion of individuals of each age in a population -Sex Ratio: proportion of the population that is males versus females
What is lambda and how do you calculate it? -Lambda: describes the proportional change in abundance from one year to the next
Calculated λ=Nt+1/Nt
What is a metapopulation and how does it relate to the metaphor of sources and sinks? See box on page 97. -refers to a population, where the dynamics of multiple populations depend on vital rates within and also among populations
(immigration and emigration) -> the approach assumes that areas with little to no harvest will serve as sources for the overall metapopulation, supplying emigrants to sink areas that are more heavily harvested
Why are agricultural fields a potential ecological trap for nesting grassland bird species? -mowing of the fields destroys nesting sites of birds
Chapter 12 – Water and other Welfare Factors
Birds don't have sweat glands - how do they "offload" excessive heat via water (i.e., evaporative heat loss)? -birds lose excess body heat by evaporation of water from the respiratory tract and skin -> panting and gular fluttering are commonly used to cope with excessive environment heat
What is adaptive heterothermy? -body temperature rises during the day, reducing the thermal gradient and eat gain from the environment the body then releases excess heat at night when ambient temperature falls below the body temp
Besides using diet to balance levels of body water, what are the 3 behaviors identified that help reduce heat loads? 1.Timing of activity- adjusting duration of performing certain activities 2. Use of
From Krausman and Cain (2013)
Chapter 7 –Wildlife Population Dynamics
What does BIDE stand for? Know definitions of these terms, as well as for age structure and sex ratio. -BIDE = Births, Immigration, Deaths, and Emigration -Age Structure: refers to the proportion of individuals of each age in a population -Sex Ratio: proportion of the population that is males versus females
What is lambda and how do you calculate it? -Lambda: describes the proportional change in abundance from one year to the next
Calculated λ=Nt+1/Nt
What is a metapopulation and how does it relate to the metaphor of sources and sinks? See box on page 97. -refers to a population, where the dynamics of multiple populations depend on vital rates within and also among populations
(immigration and emigration) -> the approach assumes that areas with little to no harvest will serve as sources for the overall metapopulation, supplying emigrants to sink areas that are more heavily harvested
Why are agricultural fields a potential ecological trap for nesting grassland bird species? -mowing of the fields destroys nesting sites of birds
Chapter 12 – Water and other Welfare Factors
Birds don't have sweat glands - how do they "offload" excessive heat via water (i.e., evaporative heat loss)? -birds lose excess body heat by evaporation of water from the respiratory tract and skin -> panting and gular fluttering are commonly used to cope with excessive environment heat
What is adaptive heterothermy? -body temperature rises during the day, reducing the thermal gradient and eat gain from the environment the body then releases excess heat at night when ambient temperature falls below the body temp
Besides using diet to balance levels of body water, what are the 3 behaviors identified that help reduce heat loads? 1.Timing of activity- adjusting duration of performing certain activities 2. Use of