Preview

Young Novice Drivers in Australia

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
3245 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Young Novice Drivers in Australia
PYB372 Assessment 1: Annotated Bibliography and Synthesis

Young Novice Drivers in Australia:
Inexperience and Presence of Passengers on Crash Risk

Student Name: Chun-Wen CHENG
Student No.: 07097859
Coordinator: Dr Mark King
Tutor: Alexia Lennon & Lyndel Bates
Due Date: 28/03/12
Word Count: Bibliography (1150) & Synthesis (1546)

Annotated Bibliography
Chen, L., et al. (2000). "Carrying passengers as a risk factor for crashes fatal to 16- and
17-year-old drivers." JAMA 283(12): 1578-1582.
This study attempts to determine whether the presence of passengers is associated with an increased risk of crash fatal to 16 and 17 years old drivers. Permission was obtained from the fatality analysis reporting system and general estimates system as well as the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey. The authors found that the risk of death for the 16 or 17 year old driver increases with the number of passengers carried. They offer many possible explanations for the increased risk of injury and death. Most importantly, the authors discussed graduated driver licensing. In this system, the new driver is initially allowed to driver only with supervision and in the daylight hours. Once experience is gained, then the new driver is allowed more independence.
Engström, I., N. P. Gregersen, et al. (2008). "Young drivers—Reduced crash risk with passengers in the vehicle." Accident Analysis & Prevention 40(1): 341-348.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the passengers (whether presence or absence) on the risk of being involved in a crash among young drivers. To fulfil the purpose, data from the national accident database and from a database including exposure data in Sweden have been used. Result shows the rate from the total number of crashes from 1994 to 2000 involving drivers in different age groups (18-24, 25-64 and >65 years) with and without passengers was lower in the presence of passengers. The data also indicate


References: Australian Bureau of Statistics 2006d, Causes of Death, Australia, 2004, Cat. No. 3303.0, ABS, Canberra. Boufous, S., Ivers, R., Senserrick, T., & Stevenson, M. (2011). Attempts at the Practical On- Road Driving Test and the Hazard Perception Test and the Risk of Traffic Crashes in Young Drivers Chen L, B. S. P. B. E. R. L. G. (2000). Carrying passengers as a risk factor for crashes fatal to 16- and 17-year-old drivers Engström, I., Gregersen, N. P., Granström, K., & Nyberg, A. (2008). Young drivers— Reduced crash risk with passengers in the vehicle Ivers, R. (2009). Novice drivers’ risky driving behaviour, risky perception, and crash risk: fondings from the DRIVE study Lee, C., & Abdel-Aty, M. (2008). Presence of passengers: Does it increase or reduce driver 's crash potential? Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40(5), 1703-1712 Shope, J. T., & Bingham, C. R. (2008). Teen Driving: Motor-Vehicle Crashes and Factors That Contribute Simons-Morton, B., Lerner, N., & Singer, J. (2005). The observed effects of teenage passengers on the risky driving behavior of teenage drivers Tefft, B. C., Williams, A. F., & Grabowski, J. G. (2012). Teen Driver Risk in Relation to Age and Number of Passengers, United States, 2007–2010
Continue Reading
View Writing Issues

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Young Drivers Anna Quindlen Summary
    • 447 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Young Drivers Anna Quindlen Summary

    Have you heard about how high the rate of teen mortality has been rising over the last few decades? Indeed, it is a problematic issue that has been ignoring most of the young-drivers' parents. As Anna Quindlen expressed on her article, teen's crashes and deaths are highly common and ignored. Moreover, Quindlen's purpose is to highlight the seriousness of the teens driving issue and how states around the United States handle the issue.…

    • 447 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Proposal Essay: Driving In The Hands Of A Minor
    • 1931 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Proposal Essay: Driving In The Hands Of A Minor

    road in getting into an accident are the teen passengers, newly licensed teens and male drivers…

    • 1931 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Pros And Cons Of Driving And Driving
    • 205 Words
    • 1 Page

    Pros And Cons Of Driving And Driving

    The drivers can be the reasons of car accident, if at any time they don’t utilize seat strap while there are driving and if at any points they don’t take the road regulations. Driving affected by medications or liquor is the real issue , driving with a high speeding.…

    • 205 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    P Plate Drivers
    • 898 Words
    • 4 Pages

    P Plate Drivers

    Young or inexperienced drivers can’t afford to divide their attention between the road and their passengers. Passengers may also encourage the driver to show off and take risks. A study showed that young drivers with more than one peer passenger in the car were 15 times more likely to have an accident than when driving alone (Transport Roads and Maritime Services 2013a).…

    • 898 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Personal Involvement Of Hazardous Driving Style
    • 179 Words
    • 1 Page

    Personal Involvement Of Hazardous Driving Style

    The primary hypothesis concluded by O’Brien et al. was that after being involved in a collision severe enough to warrant a police report, young drivers adopt a more cautious driving style. Motor car vehicles is the leading causes to death among the adolescent age group ranging from sixteen to twenty-four. Some drivers tend to have riskier driving styles than their peers when they begin driving. Having personal involvements of tragic events have been found to impact upcoming behavior in the case of dangerous behavior, such as having found out you have cancer and still smoking, or even using contraceptives after unintendedly getting pregnant. Studies were found that people who wear seat belts use does not change distinctly after being in a…

    • 179 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Drivers Ed Essay
    • 1046 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Drivers Ed Essay

    The age of the driver also plays a role in the number of alcohol related accidents. During 2003-2005 approximately 76 percent of drunk drivers in fatal crashes were under the age of 45. Teenagers are also involved in a lot of drinking and driving accidents since they are inexperienced at both driving and drinking. For drivers ages 16-19 the number of people who drank alcohol and were then involved in a fatal accident decreased by 15 percent between 1996-2001 and 2003-2005. This improvement was most likely because of the new graduated licensing that was put in effect in 1994. Although there was an improvement the crash involvement was still out of proportion with the number of licensed drivers, meaning that teenagers were driving illegally without a valid license.…

    • 1046 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Why Students Should Not Drive To School
    • 1008 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Why Students Should Not Drive To School

    "Teen drivers ages 15 to 20 are 1.6 times more likely to be involved in a fatal crash, compared to adult drivers between the ages of 35 and 40" ("Teen"). About a month ago there was a teen girl driving to school, the roads were bad and she should not have taken a back road. She ended up losing control of her vehicle, causing the vehicle to roll over. If she was not wearing her seatbelt the accident could have been fatal. She is very lucky that nothing more than a totaled vehicle came from the horrific incident. There are many reasons why students should not drive to school. It is dangerous, there is a trouble with parking, and students could have illegal things in their vehicles.…

    • 1008 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Teenage Driver: The Dangers Of Teenage Driving
    • 668 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Teenage Driver: The Dangers Of Teenage Driving

    One of the biggest perks of being a teenager is being able to drive. When a teenager begins to drive, they are happy and feel like they have more freedom. However, the dangers of teenage driving are higher than ever. According to the California Department of Motor Vehicles, “Vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for 15-20 year-olds” (“California”). Teenage drivers create many dangerous distractions when behind the wheel of a vehicle. These distractions usually occur in three different areas: visual, cognitive, and manual.…

    • 668 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Speeding In Australia Research Paper
    • 1350 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Speeding In Australia Research Paper

    A 17 year old driver with a P1 licence is 25% more likely to be involved in a fatal crash than a driver over 26 years. The biggest killer of young drivers is speeding and around 80% of those killed are male. Young drivers are over represented in all fatal crashes, including speeding, drink driving and fatigue (Young Drivers, 2011). Despite making up only 15% of drivers, young drivers represent around 36% of annual road fatalities. Just under half of all young Australian deaths are due to motor vehicle accidents (Young Driver Fact Base, 2013). The choices young drivers make vary, some chose protective behaviours some chose risk. Young drivers are more likely to speed, drink drive, drive at night, carry multiple passengers, use mobile phones and violate traffic rules (Risky Driving Behaviour, 2013). Of course, not every driver does this, but those who chose to are taking a risk and can cause harm to their health. The government implement many regulations for learner, P1 and P2 drivers. These include passenger restrictions, modified speed limits, zero BAC, and 120 hours of supervised driving. The government funded initiative ‘Keys2Drive’ has been implemented by the government to give a free driving lesson to learner drivers. This aims to increase young driver’s knowledge and driving ability, so the amount of young fatalities and motor vehicle accidents can be…

    • 1350 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Drinking and Driving
    • 554 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Drinking and Driving

    III. Relevance: Why should you care? This topic relates to you because ‘’it is the number one cause of crashes for people within the ages 18-25.’’ (University of Utah)…

    • 554 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Arguments Against Elderly Drivers
    • 947 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Arguments Against Elderly Drivers

    From ages 75 to 84, the rate of about three deaths per 100 million miles driven is equal to the death rate of teenage drivers. For drivers 85 and older, the fatality rate skyrockets to nearly four times higher than that for teens”, as written by Davis and DeBarros on a USA Today report dated May 1, 2007. The statistics involving fatal accidents are similar in both age groups; however the number of accidents involving older drivers will continue to rise as the elderly population continues to…

    • 947 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    Mothers Against Drunk Driving
    • 2242 Words
    • 9 Pages

    Mothers Against Drunk Driving

    Regardless of whether driver is impaired or sober, one can have a car crash. However, old drivers are less likely to be involved in traffic crashes, including alcohol-involved crashes than younger drivers (Evans et al., 2005). It could be explained by young drivers’ little driving experience and tendency to risk or drink alcohol. As Smithers (2007) states drivers aged 35 to 49 are 14 times less likely to be involved in a drunk driving incidents than the 17 to 19 age group. In another study it is shown that 35% of alcohol-related accidents in 2005 involved young drivers (Smithers, 2007). These statistics demonstrate that young people are likely to be involved in car accidents because of being drunk. In addition, it is also followed by usual youth desire to have more freedom by driving. Becoming a driver is a turning point of adulthood in every young person’s life. They tend to celebrate, hang out with each other and, eventually, drink alcohol. In addition, it was declared that people who are under the age of 21 are more likely to feel themselves irresponsible and overconfident, since their neurological system can be badly affected by the overuse of alcohol (U. S. Department of Justice, 2012). Therefore, reconsidering of the driving age to 21 years old should be applied as a restrictive and preventive…

    • 2242 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Minimum Driving Age
    • 439 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Minimum Driving Age

    “In 2008, 5,864 drivers ages 15-20 were involved in fatal crashes.” Remarkably, this is a 27% decrease from 1998. The minimum driving age should rise because there will be fewer crashes among the 15-20 year old age group, at about this age, they are dealing with sleep deprivation which impacts their driving, additionally they tend to make simple mistakes that result in crashes. This matters because young lives are still being lost to inexperienced driving on the part or at the fault of others, we need to take every precaution necessary to prevent teenage crashes.…

    • 439 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Elderly Drivers
    • 1273 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Elderly Drivers

    In today’s society automobile accidents are an everyday occurrence. Mishaps can happen anywhere at any given time. In the past ten years accidents have averaged around ten million occurring for each year (US Census Bureau). That is 100 million automobile accidents in ten years. Most people would automatically point their fingers at young drivers in today’s world. A number of accidents are caused by teens though I believe a worse threat is starting to appear. This threat being elderly drivers over the age of 70. These elderly drivers could be considered dangerous due to their decline in sensory. With more elderly drivers increasing over the years, drivers everywhere could be in danger. Within the next 20 years the number of elderly drivers is expected to triple in the United States (Older Drivers). To combat this the solution is simple which is to make elderly drivers retake a driver course test.…

    • 1273 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    The Dangers Of Speeding Essay
    • 541 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The Dangers Of Speeding Essay

    The saying goes, “Practice makes perfect.” The same goes for driving. The more you do it the better you get. Per mile driven teenage drivers aged 16-19 are nearly three times more likely than drivers aged 20 and older to be in a fatal crash due to speeding (Prevention). Teens especially 16 year olds have less experience than other drivers. Due to the lack of experience teens…

    • 541 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More

Related Topics