Very Low Carbohydrate Diets
Discussion of the Metabolic and Hormonal effects of Very Low Carbohydrate Diets
1.0 Summary Low carbohydrate, high protein diets have been raising concerns within medicine for quite some time. There is quite some conflicting evidence regarding the benefits and detrimental effects that these diets may have on metabolic and whole body health.
Bone and Calcium loss – Why does a low Carbohydrate diet affect bone? Carbohydrates, if highly eliminated from the diet, are most frequently replaced with protein. The increase in protein very much effects bone health and calcium absorption and excretion. There are conflicting studies as to which way this is influenced.
Type II Diabetes – Many treatments for type II diabetes suggest a high carbohydrate …show more content…
Bone Health on LCHP Diet
High protein diets are known to promote hypercalciuria. As animal protein intake increases, the urinary excretion of calcium escalates which is shown is figure 1. This leads to calcium balance in the body becoming more negative. It has been found that urinary calcium increases by about 0.04 mmol/g dietary proteins (DP). This means that for every 50 g increase in DP from animal sources, there will be a 1.6–2 mmol increase in 24-h urinary calcium excretion (Maurer et al, 2003).
The metabolic process that causes this hypercalciuria is the catabolism of amino acids rather than glucose. In times of dietary oversupply, the nitrogen of amino acids is eliminated via transamination, deamination, and urea formation and the carbon skeletons are generally used to feed into carbohydrate metabolism. These ketone bodies have a great propensity to decrease urinary pH. Acid base balance in the body is therefore disrupted. Glomerular filtration rate will be increased and a decrease in renal tubular reabsorption of calcium resulting in calcium …show more content…
Type II Diabetes Mellitus and LCHP Diet
Investigations examining the insulin response to foods have shown though that high protein food can promote a higher peak insulin concentration than pasta (Holt et al, 1997). Following a LCHP diet over a long period of time may result in increased hepatic glucose production alongside decreased peripheral glucose utilisation. Both of these metabolic reactions are symptomatic of insulin resistance (Pi-Sunyer).
It has been suggested that increased fasting glucose production along with lowered suppression of hepatic glucose output can largely increase postprandial insulin secretion from the pancreas. Along with higher activity of gluconeogenesis due to higher protein in the diet than carbohydrate, this can actually increase the risk of the commencement of diabetes for many (Linn et al, 2000).
There have been numerous clinical studies investigating the relationship between low carbohydrate diets and their effects of type II diabetes mellitus patients. Gannon and Nuttall suggest that a HPLC diet can significantly reduce the blood glucose concentration in people with untreated type 2
1.0 Summary Low carbohydrate, high protein diets have been raising concerns within medicine for quite some time. There is quite some conflicting evidence regarding the benefits and detrimental effects that these diets may have on metabolic and whole body health.
Bone and Calcium loss – Why does a low Carbohydrate diet affect bone? Carbohydrates, if highly eliminated from the diet, are most frequently replaced with protein. The increase in protein very much effects bone health and calcium absorption and excretion. There are conflicting studies as to which way this is influenced.
Type II Diabetes – Many treatments for type II diabetes suggest a high carbohydrate …show more content…
Bone Health on LCHP Diet
High protein diets are known to promote hypercalciuria. As animal protein intake increases, the urinary excretion of calcium escalates which is shown is figure 1. This leads to calcium balance in the body becoming more negative. It has been found that urinary calcium increases by about 0.04 mmol/g dietary proteins (DP). This means that for every 50 g increase in DP from animal sources, there will be a 1.6–2 mmol increase in 24-h urinary calcium excretion (Maurer et al, 2003).
The metabolic process that causes this hypercalciuria is the catabolism of amino acids rather than glucose. In times of dietary oversupply, the nitrogen of amino acids is eliminated via transamination, deamination, and urea formation and the carbon skeletons are generally used to feed into carbohydrate metabolism. These ketone bodies have a great propensity to decrease urinary pH. Acid base balance in the body is therefore disrupted. Glomerular filtration rate will be increased and a decrease in renal tubular reabsorption of calcium resulting in calcium …show more content…
Type II Diabetes Mellitus and LCHP Diet
Investigations examining the insulin response to foods have shown though that high protein food can promote a higher peak insulin concentration than pasta (Holt et al, 1997). Following a LCHP diet over a long period of time may result in increased hepatic glucose production alongside decreased peripheral glucose utilisation. Both of these metabolic reactions are symptomatic of insulin resistance (Pi-Sunyer).
It has been suggested that increased fasting glucose production along with lowered suppression of hepatic glucose output can largely increase postprandial insulin secretion from the pancreas. Along with higher activity of gluconeogenesis due to higher protein in the diet than carbohydrate, this can actually increase the risk of the commencement of diabetes for many (Linn et al, 2000).
There have been numerous clinical studies investigating the relationship between low carbohydrate diets and their effects of type II diabetes mellitus patients. Gannon and Nuttall suggest that a HPLC diet can significantly reduce the blood glucose concentration in people with untreated type 2