The Subjunctive Mood
The General Notion of the Mood
Mood is a grammatical category of the verb expressing modality, i.e. the relation of the action denoted by the predicate to reality from the speaker's point of view. In Modern English, as in Russian, there are three moods: the Indicative Mood (изъявительное), the Imperative Mood (повелительное) and the Subjunctive Mood (сослагательное). The meanings of the moods in English and in Russian coincide, whereas their forms and usage (especially of the subjunctive mood) differ. Non-finite verbs in English have no moods.
The Indicative Mood shows that the action or state expressed by the verbs is presented as an actual fact. It is characterized by a great number of tense aspect forms which may be used in the Active and Passive Voice.
e.g. All nights he watches the stars...He took up his bags and hurried down to the right.What are_ you thinking about?We shall all miss you. Such people are_ usually paid little attention to.
The Imperative Mood expresses a command or a request. It's a direct expression of the speaker's will.
e.g. Hand in your papers! Don't make such a noise! Let's go to the park!
The Subjunctive Mood presents an action as non-fact, as something imaginary or desirable, i.e. as something problematic. It doesn't reflect actual reality, but shows something formed in the mind of the speaker as a supposition, desire, volition. e.g. I wish I were young. - Жаль, что я не молод. Не would have helped you yesterday. - Он помог бы вам вчера.
In Modern English the Subjunctive Mood has two forms: the synthetic forms and the analytical forms, both expressing unreality. The synthetic forms of the Subjunctive Mood are divided into the Present Subjunctive (which is often called the Subjunctive I) and the Past Subjunctive (the Subjunctive II).
The forms of the Present Subjunctive coincide with the Indefinite Infinitive without the Particle "to". They have become archaic and are found in poetry, high prose, official documents and some set
Mood is a grammatical category of the verb expressing modality, i.e. the relation of the action denoted by the predicate to reality from the speaker's point of view. In Modern English, as in Russian, there are three moods: the Indicative Mood (изъявительное), the Imperative Mood (повелительное) and the Subjunctive Mood (сослагательное). The meanings of the moods in English and in Russian coincide, whereas their forms and usage (especially of the subjunctive mood) differ. Non-finite verbs in English have no moods.
The Indicative Mood shows that the action or state expressed by the verbs is presented as an actual fact. It is characterized by a great number of tense aspect forms which may be used in the Active and Passive Voice.
e.g. All nights he watches the stars...He took up his bags and hurried down to the right.What are_ you thinking about?We shall all miss you. Such people are_ usually paid little attention to.
The Imperative Mood expresses a command or a request. It's a direct expression of the speaker's will.
e.g. Hand in your papers! Don't make such a noise! Let's go to the park!
The Subjunctive Mood presents an action as non-fact, as something imaginary or desirable, i.e. as something problematic. It doesn't reflect actual reality, but shows something formed in the mind of the speaker as a supposition, desire, volition. e.g. I wish I were young. - Жаль, что я не молод. Не would have helped you yesterday. - Он помог бы вам вчера.
In Modern English the Subjunctive Mood has two forms: the synthetic forms and the analytical forms, both expressing unreality. The synthetic forms of the Subjunctive Mood are divided into the Present Subjunctive (which is often called the Subjunctive I) and the Past Subjunctive (the Subjunctive II).
The forms of the Present Subjunctive coincide with the Indefinite Infinitive without the Particle "to". They have become archaic and are found in poetry, high prose, official documents and some set