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The Role of the Mentor in Paramedical Education

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The Role of the Mentor in Paramedical Education
Introduction 1

Defining Mentorship 3

Classical Mentorship 4

Modern Mentorship – Mentors as Assessors 8

Conclusion 10

Reference 11

The Role Of The Mentor

Introduction

Mentor, mentoring and mentorship are terms that have received increasing attention in health related circles over the last thirty years. In the ten years between 1978 and 1988 the number of references in the ‘ERIC’ database, which included ‘mentor’ as a keyword, increased from 10 to 95, Jacobi (1991). The literature of the following twenty years has continued this growth at a phenomenal rate, and to date there are over 2850 entries.

The term ‘mentor’ is however not a recent phenomenon, and has its roots in Greek mythology. Legend has it that Homer entrusted the guidance and teaching of his son, Telemachus, to his closest friend ‘Mentor’, Fields (1991). In more recent times, the eminent French writer Francois Fenelon used a man named ‘Mentor’ as the lead character in his book "Les Aventures de Telemaque", which was published in 1699, Roberts (1999). Following the publication of Fenelon’s ‘Les Aventures de Telemaque’, the term ‘mentor’ took the meaning of an older, wiser and more experienced person who takes the responsibility for a younger, more inexperienced persons learning and development, Andrews (1999).

Historically, the Ambulance Service has had little affiliation with Higher Education, and as such there has been little motivation to develop staff to become ‘mentors’. Training and competency assessments were generally carried out by Institute of Health Care Development (IHCD) accredited Instructors, and trainee’s learnt their ‘trade’ in a vocational setting, under the guidance of State Registered Paramedics. This model has previously been described as an ‘apprenticeship’, and has been the recipient of much criticism, due to it’s limitations in the preparation of practitioners, Kilcullen (2007).

Ambulance



References: Andrews M and Wallis M (1999). Mentorship in Nursing. A Literature Review. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 29 201 - 207 Barker E.R (2006) Bennet C (2003). How to be a good mentor. Nursing Standard. 17(36): 1-14. Bidwell AS and Brasler ML (1989). Role Modelling versus mentoring in nursing education. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship 21(1). 23-25 Boydell D (1994) British Paramedic Association (2006). A Curriculum Framework for Paramedic Education http://www.britishparamedic.org/downloads/Published_ version_1_02_2006.pdf Cooper S (2005) Contemporary UK paramedical training and education Chambers M (1998). Some issues in the assessment of clinical practice: a review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Nursing 7; 3 201-208 Darling L.A.W (1984) DeLaune S and Ladner P (2002). Fundamentals of Nursing. Standards & Practice. Thomson Delmar Learning. New York. Earnshaw G (1995). Mentorship: The Students Views. Nurse Education Today. 15, 274 - 279 Elzubier S and Sherman M (1995) Fields W L. (1991). Mentoring in Nursing: A historical approach. Nursing Outlook, 39, 257-261. Girard N (2006). Editorial. “Like it or not, you are a roll model”. AORN Journal. Vol 84, no 1 Gray M and Smith L (2000) Health Professions Council (HPC) (2004) Standards of conduct, performance and ethics. http://www.hpc-uk.org/assets/documents/10000290HPC034HPCA5_Standards_of_conduct_performance_and_ethics.pdf [Last Accessed 27/04/08] Hunt D, Michael C (1983) Jacobi M (1991). Mentoring and undergraduate success. A literature review. Review of Educational Research. 61, p505-532 Jackson D and Mannix J (2001) Jowett S, Walton I, and Payne S (1994). Challenges and Change in Nurse Education - a study of the implementation of project 2000. National Foundation for Educational Research in England and Wales, Slough, Berkshire Kilcullen N (2007) Levinson DJ, Darrow CN, Klein EB, Levinson MH, McKee B (1978). The Seasons of a Mans Life. AA Knopf, New York. Madison J, Watson K, Knight BA, (1994). Mentors and Preceptors in the Nursing Profession. Contemporary Nurse. 3(3): 121 – 126. May K, Meleis A, Winstead Fry P. (1982). Mentorship for scholarliness. Opportunities and dilemmas. Nursing Outlook. Jan 22 -28 Maynard T and Furlong J (1995) Morton-Cooper A, Palmer A (2000). Mentorship, Preceptorship, and Clinical Supervision. Blackwell Science. Oxford. Neary M (1997) Northcott N (2000) Mentorship in Nursing. Nurse Manager. 7(3) 30-32 Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2004) Oliver C and Aggleton P (2002). Mentoring for professional development in health promotion: a review of issues raised by recent research. Health Education. Vol 102, Number 1. p30 – 38. Pellat G. (2006). The role of Mentors in supporting pre registration nursing students. British Journal of Nursing. Vol 15; no.6 Phillips R.M, Davies W.B, and Neary M Roberts, Andy. (1999) "The origins of the term mentor.", History of Education Society Bulletin, no 64, Nov 1999, p313-329 Watson N (1999)

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