Preview

The division of labor

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1563 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
The division of labor
Critique of “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations”

The excerpt of Adam Smith 's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations states that “The greatest improvement in the productive powers of labor, and the greater part of the skill dexterity, and judgment with which it is anywhere directed, or applied, seem to have been the effects of the division of labor” (Smith, Book1, Chapter 1, Of the Division of Labor). The division of labor allows a market, state, countries and societies to undergo economic improvement. Adam Smith is correct to say that The Division of Labor is how countries become rich, but the division of labor has some of its own problems too.

The division of labor is explained by Smith as, “First, the improvement of the dexterity of the workman necessarily increases the quantity of the work he can perform; the division of labour, by reducing every man 's business to some one simple operation, and by making this operation the sole employment of his life, necessarily increased very much dexterity of the workman” “Secondly, the advantage which is gained by saving the time commonly lost in passing from one sort of work to another is much greater than we should at first view be apt to imagine it” “Thirdly and lastly, everybody must be sensible how much labor is facilitated and abridged by the application of proper machinery” (smith, 4). The main argument is that as long as a worker is focused on just doing one job, he will be skilled and efficient. Then once he becomes skilled and efficient at his job, he will become inclined to develop a machine to do the job for him. Such sequence of events allows productions to sky rocket and improve the country 's economy. A burst in the economy means the industrialization of cities and the industrialization of cities is what makes a country rich.

When a state is industrialized, certain skills are no longer required by the workers. For example, before the manufacturing



Bibliography: Cohon, Adam. 2014. International relations 217. Lecture 9/8-10/6. University of Rochester Marx, Karl. Wage-labor and capital. Socialist Labor Party of America, 2000 List, Friedrich. The National System of Political Economy. The Public Domain, 1841. Friedman. Capitalism and Freedom. The Public domain, Smith, Adam. Wealth of Nations Excerpts. The Public Domain, 1776

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    |• Enlarge the labor pool for industrialization |• Increase in size of industrial class. |…

    • 424 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Gke Task 4

    • 1094 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Price, R. G. (2004, January 29). Division of Labor, Assembly Line Thought - The Paradox of Democratic Capitalism. rationalrevolution.net - Making sense of history, economics, politics, philosophy, and war. Retrieved January 5, 2013, from http://rationalrevolution.net/articles/division_of_labor.htm…

    • 1094 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Gke1 Task 4 Analysis

    • 700 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Adam Smith, in his book The Wealth of Nations, wrote about the idea that production of wealth would increase if people pursued their self-interest in 1776, just before the Industrial Revolution took off. He went on to describe the division of labor, that is breaking the manufacturing of a product into several easier tasks to be done by separate people, commonly called an assembly line. The Industrial Revolution brought to life Smith 's ideas of division of labor and economic individualism with unrestrained competition, essentially birthing capitalism…

    • 700 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    1. According to Durkheim, what are the primary causes of the division of labor in general?…

    • 287 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    According to Ayau, trade and cooperation is beneficial to all parties despite differences among them in terms of capacity and talent. He states that everyone is made wealthier through cooperation, and how it is that the market economy leads to the benefit of everyone. In our world today, people base their decisions on the comparison of alternative opportunity costs at the margin, so naturally, they choose the least costly option. However, a person can only get rich by enriching others torpedoes claims to the moral high ground of those who propose that government redistribution of wealth is a means to alleviate poverty (Ayau 32). Ayau explains the workings of the free enterprise system, based on the benefits from mutual gains from trade arising from the creative productivity of a market-based and profit-guided system of division of labor. In addition, he explains that the division of labor through comparative advantage, satisfying society’s needs, trading with and by enriching others is the way someone gain wealth. He says people intuitively do what goes by the name of cost/benefit analysis, for they are quite conscious of what they are quite conscious of what they must forgo to acquire whatever they get in exchange.…

    • 340 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    His use of the pin-making example is his way of explaining how the division of labor and the specialization of people within a factory or even a market produces a great improvement. The idea of division of labor is the main driving force for The Wealth of…

    • 494 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    During the early 1890’s, in the state of Massachusetts, there was a steel factory. Over the years a great deal of material changed how the steel factory ran and also how the workers were working. The movement started and affected everything from industrial manufacturing processes to the daily life of the average working citizen. Industrialization is the procedure which a state goes from an agriculture based economy to an economy based in industrial developments, such as textile, mining, iron, steel and transport revolutions. When this happens a ton of things around a factory changes.…

    • 893 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Ap World History Outline

    • 55493 Words
    • 222 Pages

    * The specialization of labor, which led to the development of craft industries and other professions…

    • 55493 Words
    • 222 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Before the industrialization movement began, there was more of a blend between the classes, and now there is a distinct separation between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Because of the industrialization of the countries, the replacement of manual labor with the use of machinery and the division of labor, the work of the proletarian has become homogeneous. It does not contain the individuality or charm of the laborer as handmade goods do. The worker instead becomes part of the machine and is reduced to performing menial, repetitive tasks. Thus, the workman's pay rate reflects his work, and is reduced to minimum amount needed to barely sustain them. Therefore, as the skill needed to perform the job reduced, so does the amount of the wages. Also, as industrialization increases, so does drudge and toil. The worker become, in the eyes of the bourgeois in control, a part of the machine and as expendable and as easily replaced as any part of the machine. This is in the forms of prolonged work hours, amount of work done in a certain time, or by the increase of the speed of the machinery, which wears down and drains the workers.…

    • 1013 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    adam smith vs karl marx

    • 967 Words
    • 4 Pages

    “THE GREATEST IMPROVEMENTS in the productive powers of labour, and the greater part of the skill, dexterity, and judgment, with which it is anywhere directed, or applied, seem to have been the effects of the division of labour”(Smith,10).Smith rapidly makes this concrete by giving the example of a pin factory where of course pins are being produced. He stresses just how much this work is divided up into different branches and operations and that no one person can come close of doing all that work themselves. It’s not just a matter of the one person not having enough time to do all those task but there are more fundamental factors operating. As professor Goshulak mentioned in lecture five, Adam Smith gives three main reasons why the division of Labour leads to greater productivity. The first is simply the increase in dexterity or learning in performing a particular operation (Goshulak). The second is the saving of time in passing one task to another, a worker who is specializing can concentrate on one task without having to deal with those switching cost. Finally the most dynamic effect perhaps even the most important is that the focused worker is more likely to invent and innovate and come up with new and better ways of performing the task.…

    • 967 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Js Mills Conformity

    • 1808 Words
    • 8 Pages

    The wealth of a nation stems from its labor force (ability, quality, number), which is important because the more production there is; the more there is to trade. Smith shows his opposition to mercantilism that was existent when he was writing this text; however, he gives an account of a social dynamic that is deeply embedded in human nature. He develops the idea of the division of labor and how this particular partition can lead to the prosperity of a state by producing a surplus of goods and services that can later be exchanged in the economic market. It is also important because it brings to light the significance of individualism versus membership in a community; division of labor shows that it is most ethical for economic thought to focus on individual well-being. The division of labor in industries has lead to increased worker skill (dexterity), increased efficiency, and improved machinery.…

    • 1808 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Although the low-wage jobs are not required a high education background, in the real situation is you have to work more in order to make enough money to survive. We all want to have a “good job” that can pay you well and also enjoyable at work, but what job is the best option you want to have? In the book “Nickel and Dimed”, the writer Barbara Ehrenreich argued that a minimum-wage worker trying to survive with minimum wage jobs, but the paycheck is not enough for them to balance the expense in the U.S. But with a degree you can to find a job with better financial stability and working more meaningful and sustainable. You definitely need money, there’s no question about it. But if you have to spend 40 – 60 hours every weeks on your job, why not have a degree then get a better job?…

    • 788 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Before the Industrial Revolution, man produced the products they needed by hand or by basic machines. This meant that production took a much greater time for construction and that the individuals that made certain products had to be specifically trained to master that skill. This would all change by the mid 1800s with the start of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. “Industrialization refers to a process that transformed agrarian and handicraft-centered economies into economies distinguished by industry and machine manufacture.” (Bentley 492)…

    • 1273 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Industrialized Labor

    • 487 Words
    • 2 Pages

    With money sanctioning industrialized labor: hired laborers came into play changing this rule of property ownership. Now one adding their labor to what was common no longer granted them ownership over that property as labor was purchasable. Hired labors weren’t the chief benefactors of their own work both in terms of ownership of property or when it came to the utilization of the yield. It was those with talent, efforts, and resourcefulness for whom the yield became open for the taking, which encroached on the previously held natural rights of individuals to own what they had labored for. So individual labor didn’t matter in the same sense any longer, as at least for some it didn’t result in direct ownership of the fruits of their own…

    • 487 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    First of all, the introduction of machines at the factories should have benefited the working class by reducing the volume of work that was to be performed. However, the Middle-Class representatives and the factories' owners felt that they might become more powerful, and hindered the laws that would ease the lives of the working class. For example, one of the mine owners claimed that “It is impossible that the machinery could produce as much work in ten hours as in twelve”, which meant that in any case people had to work along the machines…

    • 569 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays