An example of how Richard’s theatrics thrilled the audience is in the wooing of Lady Anne. By using the dramatic convention of staging a play within a play, he reverses blame on to Anne. His rhetorical flair and histrionics are so powerful that Anne responds with faltering resolve. However, the actor within him is clear, as he ‘reviews’ his success ‘I’ll have her, but I will not keep her long’. Thus this…
2. List the people who die by Richard's orders in Act III. What does each of them realize as they die? What does this suggest about the idea of justice presented in the play?…
Richard III is a remarkable, if not irregular, rendition of the renowned historical figure, Richard III. In it, Shakespeare poses Richard as a villain with no remorse towards others—without any fear. This is evident when Richard awakes and holds an internal dialogue in which he berates his conscience for giving him bad dreams. "What do I fear? Myself? There's none else by" (5.5.136). He continues in this vein, first blaming and then defending himself for a short while. Ratcliffe enters and gets…
Richard has a confidence and arrogance to him, which he uses to his advantage especially with the knowledge of how fragile Lady Anne is; when Richard firsts enters, Shakespeare writes in the stage direction that she "spits at him". This is impactful on the audience, as they know straight away that this scene will be emotionally rough and aggressive between the interaction of Lady Anne and Richard III. The fact she "spits" at him, as soon as she sees him, without first talking to Richard III shows her to be furious and disgusted with him - she would rather show her disdain towards him through action rather than having to acknowledge him with speech that to him would be less impactful. Arguably, this seems…
“They do me wrong and I will not endure it. Who are they that complains unto the King that I forsooth, am stern and love them not” (I.III.41-43) Richard says this because he wants everybody to think there is somebody that complains to the King that he does not think well of him. Doing this it plants a seed of deceit and allows him to use that against them. It would also plant the idea that somebody does not like Richard and wants him out of the picture. When faced with a challenge he relies on his manipulation and if that fails he usually tries to make an excuse and get…
In the opening soliloquy if King Richard III, the audience is introduced to and captivated by the actor Richard, an antagonist who wields his skills of theatricality and language to strengthen his villainous intentions of marching towards political power: the throne of England. In his Elizabethan context, Shakespeare was the leading figure in the entertainment world, a man who recognised the value of theatre to entertain and educate. He was aware that his audience were well acquainted with the Tudor myths and conventions of theatre and thus, it was within his interests to draw a well-considered line between being artistic and politically astute. In doing so, he allowed Richard III to embody the tension that existed between the more conservative, divinely sanctioned principals of God with elements of emerging Renaissance humanism that suggested an individual could actively engage in self fashioning their own destiny. This would allow Richard III to “clothe his naked villainy” and in turn, foster a charismatic connection that would see him confiding and…
Through King Richard’s dream involving the ghosts of the people he had murdered, Shakespeare is putting forth the idea that the human conscience cannot simply be ignored. An individual may try to put it aside when trying to acquire the principality, but once he does, the harsh deeds he has committed will come back to haunt him, as they did Richard. In Richard’s dream, the ghosts of all the men he has murdered return and tell him he will lose the battle and the crown. For example, the ghost of Buckingham says, “The last was I that helped thee to the crown; The last was I that felt thy tyranny. O, in the battle think on Buckingham, And die in terror of thy guiltiness. Dream on, dream on, of bloody deeds and death. Fainting, despair; despairing, yield thy breath (5.3. 178-183). This was not the only time in which King Richard had a hard time dealing with his conscience. Before this, Shakespeare tells us, through Anne, that Richard is having difficulty sleeping. Though Machiavelli’s ideology may work in theory, according to Shakespeare, they disregard the human factor of the individual actually committing the heinous acts to acquire it. Richard says, “O coward conscience, how dost thou afflict me!” (5.3.192), which shows that Richard could not simply ignore it. Shakespeare’s critique of Machiavelli is that a person’s conscious can affect their ruling ability and negatively affect the ability…
At the beginning of the passage, he does not perceive Richard as a threat, because he was happy and welcoming, but by the end he comes to realize Richard’s true intentions all too abruptly. Hastings comes to an awakening that Richard is a power hungry man who is fuelled by his greed for the throne, after it’s too late, showing the themes of power and greed. In the beginning, Hastings begins with his confident statement “His Grace looks cheerfully”, referring to Richard and continues on to state “For by his face straight shall you know his heart,” here Shakespeare has used irony to covey just how when people believed they understood Richard he surprised them. Richard is able to cloak his true intentions and thoughts, which protects him from being in a venerable position. He is always in control of the conversation at all times and pushing the blame to others. Hastings judged Richard for how he presented himself while Richard was consistently scheming. Hastings' biggest mistake was to underestimate Richard and what he was capable of which led him to his death. Hastings did not think before he spoke and was ignorant and unaware he was walking towards his death, while Richard was determined to eliminate anyone that came in his way towards the crown. Yet, cunningly Richard never put himself in a position of risk where he would be suspected. Hastings can be perceived as a foolish man, as he walked into a trap after being given several warnings, the most obvious being Stanley’s dream which foreshadowed Hastings death as…
Richard III is a tale of the rise and fall of tyrannical power. Shakespeare uses many classical references and adopts the five act pattern from Roman comedy. What makes Richard a fascinating character is his skill as an actor. Like Falstaff and Hamlet, he is constantly playing a part and enjoying it. In Richard III, Richard’s soliloquies show his true vindictive nature-whereas when he is interacting with other characters, he appears to be much less calculating. Shakespeare alludes to a saint and devil when describing Richard’s two faced character. Richard is often described as occupying a “figural position”; he is able to move in and out of it by talking with…
Much debate and controversy surround the rise and fall of Richard the Third. It is hard to ignore such subjects due to the bonds and hidden reasons that many of the authors of the middle ages had towards Richard. In keeping an objective approach towards Richard III, the study of his rise and fall will be taken in the perspective of his royal acts and administration of England. Public sentiment over such things as the scandal surrounding the princes did have an effect over the rule of Richard, but there are many other underlying aspects that could have extended Richards rule, and changed the way history looks back on him.…
Ambition - again, mainly seen in Richard as he sacrifices and kills without mercy in order to gain the throne. He also proposes to marry Lady Anne in the hope of producing heirs and building his dynasty, making sure that the York line continues on for generations. Ambition turns out to be Richard III’s downfall as he is killed and replaced by Richmond.…
Manipulation is one of the most essential techniques that Richard III uses through his language to get what he wants in the play. Manipulation is language which is aimed at obtaining an unfair advantage or gaining control over others. Usually the sentence has an assumption (hidden meaning) embedded into it the target has implicitly (unclearly) agreed with the underlying assumption. It’s almost as if the words are being put into your mouth. Richard uses this technique by saying a sentence and having an embedded perception within that sentence which tricks/forces the person to what he wants them to do or say. This form of language is very enigmatic to handle because you always have to think on your feet and be ready to reply in a controlled and devious manner. Think of this as a boxing fight, one person is on the attack and the other on the defense. Eventually the one on the attack will get tired and give up, so this would allow the one on the defense to knock him out. This is what Richard does so well he manipulatively controls his language and actions throughout the scene. And towards the end he reacts more direct by deceitfully asking for what he wants and getting it because the opponent is tired and has given up similar to…
In the first scene of the play, Richard announces in a narration, his plan to become king. Richard plainly states that he is "Deformed, Unfinished, and sent before his time" and "since he cannot prove to be a lover; he is determined to prove a villain." As a villain Richard must be heartless, he cannot let his emotions interfere with his actions. He must also be intelligent and organized; a villain must know exactly what he has to do, when he has to do it and how he is going to do it. A villain must also be manipulative and persuasive so that if he is accused of a crime or if he finds himself between a rock and a hard place he is able to talk his way out or convince people that he did not commit the crimes in question. A villain must also have scapegoats to use if he is discovered or if he is in a dangerous situation. Richard devised a brutal stratagem to ascend the English throne. Brilliantly, he executed his plan. Heartlessly, he executed family, friends, and subjects. Richard did indeed display these characteristics and therefore fulfilled his goal to ascend the throne, as you will see in the paragraphs below.…
5. ^ Elliott, John R. "History and Tragedy in Richard II"Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900, Vol. 8, No. 2, Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama (Spring, 1968), 253–271.…
Connections of commonality and dissimilarity may be drawn between a multiplicity of texts through an appreciation of the values and attitudes with which they were composed. Accordingly, the values and attitudes of the individual being may be defined as an acute blend of externally induced, or contextual and internally triggered, or inherent factors. Cultural, historical, political, religious and social influences, dictated by the nature of one’s surroundings, imprint a variable pattern of values and attitudes upon the individual. Thus any deviation in any such factor may instigate an alteration of the contextual component of one’s perspective. By contrast, the psychological fundamentals of humanity are sturdy and whilst they partake in the definition of the values and attitudes of the individual, they are unwavering. Shakespeare’s historical play ‘Richard III’ and Pacino’s docudrama ‘Looking for Richard’ confirm such theory through an exploration of the contextual and inherent. A scrutiny of the contradictory forces of humanism and determinism and the function of women as demonstrated by both texts imparts an incongruity of context. Difference is thus conveyed. Conversely, an acknowledgement of the strength of conscience common to both texts suggests an inherent influence. Thus it is through inspection of the prescribed texts that one may distinguish the degree to which the texts converge on inherent matters and diverge on contextual matters.…