Research Ethics
Research Ethics: A Critique
The term research ethics spans across a variety of disciplines ranging from Science, Law and even Academic study, "Research Ethics: A Critique" delves into historical events which lead to the revaluation of research ethics in fields such as science before questioning the ethics within academic internet research.
For the sake of this paper the three historical events will involve "The Nuremberg war crimes", "Tuskegee Syphilis Study" and "Project MKULTRA" (below you will find a brief overview of the events).
The Nuremberg war crimes, where Nazi scientists carried out various experiments on the prisoners detained during World War 2. Secondly the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, during the 1930's 1970's approximately 399 black lower working class males were used to see the effects of syphilis and develop studies on the history of syphilis rather than having the effective treatment (Brunner, 2006). Finally Project MKULTRA this US Government sanctioned experiment during the 1950's were seen as the first stages of the CIA's mind control program, during the experiment drugs where extensively used along with electric impulses to try and alter brain wave activities.
Each of these respectively have change the way research is carried out today, each of the above historical events have all changed the mind state of people across the world until now, the victims of cancer and AIDS have turned around and demanded they be used as guinea pigs in order to find a cure (Trochim, 2006) what caused uproar over 50 years ago as unacceptable has now become the talking point for the exact opposite reasons.
The aforementioned changes to research ethics include:
1. Voluntary Participation
2. Informed Consent
3. Risk Of Harm
4. Confidentiality
5. Anonymity
These 5 criteria where developed for close contact human experiments but now with the development of technology and the introduction of the internet these have become transferable rules. The
The term research ethics spans across a variety of disciplines ranging from Science, Law and even Academic study, "Research Ethics: A Critique" delves into historical events which lead to the revaluation of research ethics in fields such as science before questioning the ethics within academic internet research.
For the sake of this paper the three historical events will involve "The Nuremberg war crimes", "Tuskegee Syphilis Study" and "Project MKULTRA" (below you will find a brief overview of the events).
The Nuremberg war crimes, where Nazi scientists carried out various experiments on the prisoners detained during World War 2. Secondly the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, during the 1930's 1970's approximately 399 black lower working class males were used to see the effects of syphilis and develop studies on the history of syphilis rather than having the effective treatment (Brunner, 2006). Finally Project MKULTRA this US Government sanctioned experiment during the 1950's were seen as the first stages of the CIA's mind control program, during the experiment drugs where extensively used along with electric impulses to try and alter brain wave activities.
Each of these respectively have change the way research is carried out today, each of the above historical events have all changed the mind state of people across the world until now, the victims of cancer and AIDS have turned around and demanded they be used as guinea pigs in order to find a cure (Trochim, 2006) what caused uproar over 50 years ago as unacceptable has now become the talking point for the exact opposite reasons.
The aforementioned changes to research ethics include:
1. Voluntary Participation
2. Informed Consent
3. Risk Of Harm
4. Confidentiality
5. Anonymity
These 5 criteria where developed for close contact human experiments but now with the development of technology and the introduction of the internet these have become transferable rules. The