NUR236 Final Exam Review
1. HIV- pathophysiology, risk factors, testing, patient teaching (pets), sentinel infections, NNRTIs/PIs action, needlestick length of tx (4 weeks), CD4 count
Patho—retrovirus that integrates itself into the genetic material of a host cell, changing the proviral DNA and encoding structure, regulatory, and accessory proteins within the cell. Reverse transcriptase help the virus produce in the host cell. Signs & Symptoms—none, possibly flu-like. Patient Teaching—prevention of secondary infection, hand hygiene, decrease risk of infection at home, NO cats. Nursing Implications—prevent secondary infection, prevent wasting syndrome from malnutrition, maintain or improve the present level of immune function, maintain adequate social functioning, and maintain or improve current mental status. HIV-1 and HIV-2 are both retroviruses and have only RNA as their genetic material. When they replicate their genetic material is placed in the DNA of the host cell. Risk Factors—contact with body fluids, sex…etc.. Sentinel Infection—opportunistic infections that indicate immunosuppression, appears as oral thrush, recurrent vaginal yeast infections, or skin disorders. NNRTIs/PIs Action—Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors act by binding to and disabling reverse transcriptase, a protein that is needed for replication of HIV. Protease Inhibitors work on the last stage of viral production cycle by preventing the virus from maturing and cause the release of immature viruses, which are then unable to infect other host cells. Needlestick Treatment—notify infection control officer, 2-drug or 3-drug therapy must be taken for 4-6 weeks. CD4 Count—A diagnosis of AIDS is usually made in a HIV-infected patient with a CD4 T-lymphocyte count less than 200cells/uL or with a specific opportunistic infection being diagnosed.
2. Tuberculosis (TB)-length of treatment (6-12 months)
Taking several drugs for 6-12 months:1st line-isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), ethambutol (EMB), and
Patho—retrovirus that integrates itself into the genetic material of a host cell, changing the proviral DNA and encoding structure, regulatory, and accessory proteins within the cell. Reverse transcriptase help the virus produce in the host cell. Signs & Symptoms—none, possibly flu-like. Patient Teaching—prevention of secondary infection, hand hygiene, decrease risk of infection at home, NO cats. Nursing Implications—prevent secondary infection, prevent wasting syndrome from malnutrition, maintain or improve the present level of immune function, maintain adequate social functioning, and maintain or improve current mental status. HIV-1 and HIV-2 are both retroviruses and have only RNA as their genetic material. When they replicate their genetic material is placed in the DNA of the host cell. Risk Factors—contact with body fluids, sex…etc.. Sentinel Infection—opportunistic infections that indicate immunosuppression, appears as oral thrush, recurrent vaginal yeast infections, or skin disorders. NNRTIs/PIs Action—Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors act by binding to and disabling reverse transcriptase, a protein that is needed for replication of HIV. Protease Inhibitors work on the last stage of viral production cycle by preventing the virus from maturing and cause the release of immature viruses, which are then unable to infect other host cells. Needlestick Treatment—notify infection control officer, 2-drug or 3-drug therapy must be taken for 4-6 weeks. CD4 Count—A diagnosis of AIDS is usually made in a HIV-infected patient with a CD4 T-lymphocyte count less than 200cells/uL or with a specific opportunistic infection being diagnosed.
2. Tuberculosis (TB)-length of treatment (6-12 months)
Taking several drugs for 6-12 months:1st line-isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), ethambutol (EMB), and