Gastroenteritis

I.INTRODUCTIONAcute Gastroenteritis (AGE)Gastroenteritis is a catchall term for infection or irritation of the digestive tract, particularly thestomach and intestine. It is frequently referred to as the stomach or intestinal flu, although theinfluenzavirus is not associated with this illness. Major symptoms includenausea andvomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. These symptoms are sometimes also accompanied byfever and overall weakness. Gastroenteritis typically lasts about three days. Adults usuallyrecover without problem, but children, the elderly, and anyone with an underlying disease aremore vulnerable to complications such asdehydration.Gastroenteritis arises from ingestion of viruses, certain bacteria, or parasites. Food that hasspoiled may also cause illness. Certain medications and excessive alcohol can irritate thedigestive tract to the point of inducing gastroenteritis. Regardless of the cause, the symptomsof gastroenteritis include diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, and abdominal painand cramps.Sufferers may also experience bloating, low fever, and overall tiredness. Typically, thesymptoms last only two to three days, but some viruses may last up to a week.A usual bout of gastroenteritis shouldn't require a visit to the doctor. However, medicaltreatment is essential if symptoms worsen or if there are complications. Infants, youngchildren, the elderly, and persons with underlying disease require special attention in thisregard.The greatest danger presented by gastroenteritis is dehydration. The loss of fluids throughdiarrhea and vomiting can upset the body's electrolyte balance, leading to potentially life-threatening problems such as heart beat abnormalities (arrhythmia). The risk of dehydrationincreases as symptoms are prolonged. Dehydration should be suspected if adry mouth,increased or excessive thirst, or scanty urination is experienced.If symptoms do not resolve within a week, an infection or disorder more serious thangastroenteritis may be